Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.

Genetic diversity (θ), effective population size (N(e)), and contemporary levels of gene flow are important parameters to estimate for species of conservation concern, such as the globally endangered scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini. Therefore, we have reconstructed the demographic history...

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Autores principales:	Holly A Nance, Peter Klimley, Felipe Galván-Magaña, Jimmy Martínez-Ortíz, Peter B Marko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31c365586f424127a321c80f28a74117
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31c365586f424127a321c80f28a741172021-11-18T06:50:14ZDemographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0021459https://doaj.org/article/31c365586f424127a321c80f28a741172011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21789171/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Genetic diversity (θ), effective population size (N(e)), and contemporary levels of gene flow are important parameters to estimate for species of conservation concern, such as the globally endangered scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini. Therefore, we have reconstructed the demographic history of S. lewini across its Eastern Pacific (EP) range by applying classical and coalescent population genetic methods to a combination of 15 microsatellite loci and mtDNA control region sequences. In addition to significant population genetic structure and isolation-by-distance among seven coastal sites between central Mexico and Ecuador, the analyses revealed that all populations have experienced a bottleneck and that all current values of θ are at least an order of magnitude smaller than ancestral θ, indicating large decreases in N(e) (θ = 4N(e)μ), where μ is the mutation rate. Application of the isolation-with-migration (IM) model showed modest but significant genetic connectivity between most sampled sites (point estimates of Nm = 0.1-16.7), with divergence times (t) among all populations significantly greater than zero. Using a conservative (i.e., slow) fossil-based taxon-specific phylogenetic calibration for mtDNA mutation rates, posterior probability distributions (PPDs) for the onset of the decline in N(e) predate modern fishing in this region. The cause of decline over the last several thousand years is unknown but is highly atypical as a post-glacial demographic history. Regardless of the cause, our data and analyses suggest that S. lewini was far more abundant throughout the EP in the past than at present.Holly A NancePeter KlimleyFelipe Galván-MagañaJimmy Martínez-OrtízPeter B MarkoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 7, p e21459 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Holly A Nance Peter Klimley Felipe Galván-Magaña Jimmy Martínez-Ortíz Peter B Marko Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
description	Genetic diversity (θ), effective population size (N(e)), and contemporary levels of gene flow are important parameters to estimate for species of conservation concern, such as the globally endangered scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini. Therefore, we have reconstructed the demographic history of S. lewini across its Eastern Pacific (EP) range by applying classical and coalescent population genetic methods to a combination of 15 microsatellite loci and mtDNA control region sequences. In addition to significant population genetic structure and isolation-by-distance among seven coastal sites between central Mexico and Ecuador, the analyses revealed that all populations have experienced a bottleneck and that all current values of θ are at least an order of magnitude smaller than ancestral θ, indicating large decreases in N(e) (θ = 4N(e)μ), where μ is the mutation rate. Application of the isolation-with-migration (IM) model showed modest but significant genetic connectivity between most sampled sites (point estimates of Nm = 0.1-16.7), with divergence times (t) among all populations significantly greater than zero. Using a conservative (i.e., slow) fossil-based taxon-specific phylogenetic calibration for mtDNA mutation rates, posterior probability distributions (PPDs) for the onset of the decline in N(e) predate modern fishing in this region. The cause of decline over the last several thousand years is unknown but is highly atypical as a post-glacial demographic history. Regardless of the cause, our data and analyses suggest that S. lewini was far more abundant throughout the EP in the past than at present.
format	article
author	Holly A Nance Peter Klimley Felipe Galván-Magaña Jimmy Martínez-Ortíz Peter B Marko
author_facet	Holly A Nance Peter Klimley Felipe Galván-Magaña Jimmy Martínez-Ortíz Peter B Marko
author_sort	Holly A Nance
title	Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
title_short	Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
title_full	Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
title_fullStr	Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
title_full_unstemmed	Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
title_sort	demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, sphyrna lewini.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/31c365586f424127a321c80f28a74117
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Demographic processes underlying subtle patterns of population structure in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.

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