NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has severely challenged the human population. NK and T cells are involved in the progression of COVID-19 infection through the ability of NK cells to modulate T-cell responses, and by the stimulat...

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Autores principales:	Laura Bergantini, Miriana d'Alessandro, Paolo Cameli, Dalila Cavallaro, Sara Gangi, Behar Cekorja, Piersante Sestini, Elena Bargagli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	NK cells T cells immunology lung transplant cytomegalovirus Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31df8d5065e14aaea97a56c64c233692
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31df8d5065e14aaea97a56c64c2336922021-11-25T17:12:26ZNK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-1910.3390/cells101131822073-4409https://doaj.org/article/31df8d5065e14aaea97a56c64c2336922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3182https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has severely challenged the human population. NK and T cells are involved in the progression of COVID-19 infection through the ability of NK cells to modulate T-cell responses, and by the stimulation of cytokine release. No detailed investigation of the NK cell landscape in clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection has yet been reported. A total of 35 COVID-19 hospitalised patients were stratified for clinical severity and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled. NK cell subsets and T cell subsets were analysed with flow cytometry. Serum cytokines were detected with a bead-based multiplex assay. Fewer CD56<sup>dim</sup>CD16<sup>bright</sup>NKG2A<sup>+</sup>NK cells and a parallel increase in the CD56<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup>NK, CD56<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup>NK, CD56<sup>+</sup>NKp44<sup>+</sup>NK subset were reported in COVID-19 than HC. A significantly higher adaptive/memory-like NK cell frequency in patients with severe disease than in those with mild and moderate phenotypes were reported. Moreover, adaptive/memory-like NK cell frequencies were significantly higher in patients who died than in survivors. Severe COVID-19 patients showed higher serum concentrations of IL-6 than mild and control groups. Direct correlation emerged for IL-6 and adaptive/memory-like NK. All these findings provide new insights into the immune response of patients with COVID-19. In particular, they demonstrate activation of NK through overexpression of CD69 and CD25 and show that PD-1 inhibitory signalling maintains an exhausted phenotype in NK cells. These results suggest that adaptive/memory-like NK cells could be the basis of promising targeted therapy for future viral infections.Laura BergantiniMiriana d'AlessandroPaolo CameliDalila CavallaroSara GangiBehar CekorjaPiersante SestiniElena BargagliMDPI AGarticleNK cellsT cellsimmunologylung transplantcytomegalovirusBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3182, p 3182 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	NK cells T cells immunology lung transplant cytomegalovirus Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	NK cells T cells immunology lung transplant cytomegalovirus Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Laura Bergantini Miriana d'Alessandro Paolo Cameli Dalila Cavallaro Sara Gangi Behar Cekorja Piersante Sestini Elena Bargagli NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
description	Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has severely challenged the human population. NK and T cells are involved in the progression of COVID-19 infection through the ability of NK cells to modulate T-cell responses, and by the stimulation of cytokine release. No detailed investigation of the NK cell landscape in clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection has yet been reported. A total of 35 COVID-19 hospitalised patients were stratified for clinical severity and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled. NK cell subsets and T cell subsets were analysed with flow cytometry. Serum cytokines were detected with a bead-based multiplex assay. Fewer CD56<sup>dim</sup>CD16<sup>bright</sup>NKG2A<sup>+</sup>NK cells and a parallel increase in the CD56<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup>NK, CD56<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup>NK, CD56<sup>+</sup>NKp44<sup>+</sup>NK subset were reported in COVID-19 than HC. A significantly higher adaptive/memory-like NK cell frequency in patients with severe disease than in those with mild and moderate phenotypes were reported. Moreover, adaptive/memory-like NK cell frequencies were significantly higher in patients who died than in survivors. Severe COVID-19 patients showed higher serum concentrations of IL-6 than mild and control groups. Direct correlation emerged for IL-6 and adaptive/memory-like NK. All these findings provide new insights into the immune response of patients with COVID-19. In particular, they demonstrate activation of NK through overexpression of CD69 and CD25 and show that PD-1 inhibitory signalling maintains an exhausted phenotype in NK cells. These results suggest that adaptive/memory-like NK cells could be the basis of promising targeted therapy for future viral infections.
format	article
author	Laura Bergantini Miriana d'Alessandro Paolo Cameli Dalila Cavallaro Sara Gangi Behar Cekorja Piersante Sestini Elena Bargagli
author_facet	Laura Bergantini Miriana d'Alessandro Paolo Cameli Dalila Cavallaro Sara Gangi Behar Cekorja Piersante Sestini Elena Bargagli
author_sort	Laura Bergantini
title	NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
title_short	NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
title_full	NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
title_fullStr	NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
title_sort	nk and t cell immunological signatures in hospitalized patients with covid-19
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/31df8d5065e14aaea97a56c64c233692
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NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

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