Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy

Evelina Miele,1,* Gian Paolo Spinelli,2,* Ermanno Miele,3 Enzo Di Fabrizio,3,6 Elisabetta Ferretti,4 Silverio Tomao,2 Alberto Gulino,1,5 1Department of Molecular Medicine, 2Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 3Nanostructures, Istituto Italia...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Miele E, Spinelli GP, Di Fabrizio E, Ferretti E, Tomao S, Gulino A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31e3771766b4460180d05bf7b6ea2bf1
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:31e3771766b4460180d05bf7b6ea2bf1
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31e3771766b4460180d05bf7b6ea2bf12021-12-02T06:46:22ZNanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/31e3771766b4460180d05bf7b6ea2bf12012-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/nanoparticle-based-delivery-of-small-interfering-rna-challenges-for-ca-a10467https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Evelina Miele,1,* Gian Paolo Spinelli,2,* Ermanno Miele,3 Enzo Di Fabrizio,3,6 Elisabetta Ferretti,4 Silverio Tomao,2 Alberto Gulino,1,5 1Department of Molecular Medicine, 2Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 3Nanostructures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, 4Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 5Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy, 6BIONEM lab, University of Magna Graecia, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: During recent decades there have been remarkable advances and profound changes in cancer therapy. Many therapeutic strategies learned at the bench, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have been used at the bedside, leading to important successes. One of the most important advances in biology has been the discovery that small interfering RNA (siRNA) is able to regulate the expression of genes, by a phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is one of the most rapidly growing fields of research in biology and therapeutics. Much research effort has gone into the application of this new discovery in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, even though these molecules may have potential and strong utility, some limitations make their clinical application difficult, including delivery problems, side effects due to off-target actions, disturbance of physiological functions of the cellular machinery involved in gene silencing, and induction of the innate immune response. Many researchers have attempted to overcome these limitations and to improve the safety of potential RNAi-based therapeutics. Nanoparticles, which are nanostructured entities with tunable size, shape, and surface, as well as biological behavior, provide an ideal opportunity to modify current treatment regimens in a substantial way. These nanoparticles could be designed to surmount one or more of the barriers encountered by siRNA. Nanoparticle drug formulations afford the chance to improve drug bioavailability, exploiting superior tissue permeability, payload protection, and the &ldquo;stealth&rdquo; features of these entities. The main aims of this review are: to explain the siRNA mechanism with regard to potential applications in siRNA-based cancer therapy; to discuss the possible usefulness of nanoparticle-based delivery of certain molecules for overcoming present therapeutic limitations; to review the ongoing relevant clinical research with its pitfalls and promises; and to evaluate critically future perspectives and challenges in siRNA-based cancer therapy.Keywords: small interfering RNA, nanoparticles, cancer therapy, delivery strategies, biological barriers, clinical trialsMiele ESpinelli GPMiele EDi Fabrizio EFerretti ETomao SGulino ADove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 3637-3657 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Miele E Spinelli GP Miele E Di Fabrizio E Ferretti E Tomao S Gulino A Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy
description	Evelina Miele,1,* Gian Paolo Spinelli,2,* Ermanno Miele,3 Enzo Di Fabrizio,3,6 Elisabetta Ferretti,4 Silverio Tomao,2 Alberto Gulino,1,5 1Department of Molecular Medicine, 2Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 3Nanostructures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, 4Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 5Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy, 6BIONEM lab, University of Magna Graecia, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: During recent decades there have been remarkable advances and profound changes in cancer therapy. Many therapeutic strategies learned at the bench, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have been used at the bedside, leading to important successes. One of the most important advances in biology has been the discovery that small interfering RNA (siRNA) is able to regulate the expression of genes, by a phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is one of the most rapidly growing fields of research in biology and therapeutics. Much research effort has gone into the application of this new discovery in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, even though these molecules may have potential and strong utility, some limitations make their clinical application difficult, including delivery problems, side effects due to off-target actions, disturbance of physiological functions of the cellular machinery involved in gene silencing, and induction of the innate immune response. Many researchers have attempted to overcome these limitations and to improve the safety of potential RNAi-based therapeutics. Nanoparticles, which are nanostructured entities with tunable size, shape, and surface, as well as biological behavior, provide an ideal opportunity to modify current treatment regimens in a substantial way. These nanoparticles could be designed to surmount one or more of the barriers encountered by siRNA. Nanoparticle drug formulations afford the chance to improve drug bioavailability, exploiting superior tissue permeability, payload protection, and the &ldquo;stealth&rdquo; features of these entities. The main aims of this review are: to explain the siRNA mechanism with regard to potential applications in siRNA-based cancer therapy; to discuss the possible usefulness of nanoparticle-based delivery of certain molecules for overcoming present therapeutic limitations; to review the ongoing relevant clinical research with its pitfalls and promises; and to evaluate critically future perspectives and challenges in siRNA-based cancer therapy.Keywords: small interfering RNA, nanoparticles, cancer therapy, delivery strategies, biological barriers, clinical trials
format	article
author	Miele E Spinelli GP Miele E Di Fabrizio E Ferretti E Tomao S Gulino A
author_facet	Miele E Spinelli GP Miele E Di Fabrizio E Ferretti E Tomao S Gulino A
author_sort	Miele E
title	Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy
title_short	Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy
title_full	Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy
title_fullStr	Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy
title_full_unstemmed	Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy
title_sort	nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering rna: challenges for cancer therapy
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/31e3771766b4460180d05bf7b6ea2bf1
work_keys_str_mv	AT mielee nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy AT spinelligp nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy AT mielee nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy AT difabrizioe nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy AT ferrettie nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy AT tomaos nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy AT gulinoa nanoparticlebaseddeliveryofsmallinterferingrnachallengesforcancertherapy
_version_	1718399744862060544

Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy

Ejemplares similares