Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions

Stream water temperature imposes metabolic constraints on the health of cold-water fish like salmonids. Timber harvesting can reduce stream shading leading to higher water temperatures, while also altering stream hydrology. In the Pacific Northwest, riparian buffer requirements are designed to mitig...

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Autores principales:	Hillary N. Yonce, Saumya Sarkar, Jonathan B. Butcher, Thomas E. Johnson, Susan H. Julius, Stephen D. LeDuc
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	climate sensitivity forestry qual2k riparian buffer swat water temperature Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31e3781b90564d368cc323ee3326a427
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31e3781b90564d368cc323ee3326a4272021-11-05T19:01:15ZForest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions2040-22442408-935410.2166/wcc.2020.031https://doaj.org/article/31e3781b90564d368cc323ee3326a4272021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/12/5/1404https://doaj.org/toc/2040-2244https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9354Stream water temperature imposes metabolic constraints on the health of cold-water fish like salmonids. Timber harvesting can reduce stream shading leading to higher water temperatures, while also altering stream hydrology. In the Pacific Northwest, riparian buffer requirements are designed to mitigate these impacts; however, anticipated future changes in air temperature and precipitation could reduce the efficacy of these practices in protecting aquatic ecosystems. Using a combined modeling approach (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Shade, and QUAL2K), this study examines the effectiveness of riparian buffers in reducing impacts of timber harvest on stream water temperature in Lookout Creek, Oregon across a range of potential future climates. Simulations assess changes in riparian management alone, climate alone, and combined effects. Results suggest that maximum stream water temperatures during thermal stress events are projected to increase by 3.3–7.4 °C due to hydroclimatic change alone by the end of this century. Riparian management is effective in reducing stream temperature increases from timber harvesting alone but cannot fully counteract the additional effects of a warming climate. Overall, our findings suggest that the protection of sensitive aquatic species will likely require additional adaptation strategies, such as the protection or provisioning of cool water refugia, to enhance survival during maximum thermal stress events. HIGHLIGHTS A range of future climate conditions can negatively impact cold-water fish species during extreme thermal events.; Riparian forest management can help play a role to mitigate impacts of future climate conditions.; Cold-water species may be unable to thrive in pristine traditional ecosystems due to climate impacts which cannot be mitigated during extreme thermal events.; Mature forests are unlikely to shelter pristine freshwater streams from impacts of climate change.; The importance of cold-water refugia and alternative mitigation strategies are likely to become increasingly important by the end of the century to combat climate change.;Hillary N. YonceSaumya SarkarJonathan B. ButcherThomas E. JohnsonSusan H. JuliusStephen D. LeDucIWA Publishingarticleclimate sensitivityforestryqual2kriparian bufferswatwater temperatureEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENJournal of Water and Climate Change, Vol 12, Iss 5, Pp 1404-1419 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate sensitivity forestry qual2k riparian buffer swat water temperature Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	climate sensitivity forestry qual2k riparian buffer swat water temperature Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Hillary N. Yonce Saumya Sarkar Jonathan B. Butcher Thomas E. Johnson Susan H. Julius Stephen D. LeDuc Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
description	Stream water temperature imposes metabolic constraints on the health of cold-water fish like salmonids. Timber harvesting can reduce stream shading leading to higher water temperatures, while also altering stream hydrology. In the Pacific Northwest, riparian buffer requirements are designed to mitigate these impacts; however, anticipated future changes in air temperature and precipitation could reduce the efficacy of these practices in protecting aquatic ecosystems. Using a combined modeling approach (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Shade, and QUAL2K), this study examines the effectiveness of riparian buffers in reducing impacts of timber harvest on stream water temperature in Lookout Creek, Oregon across a range of potential future climates. Simulations assess changes in riparian management alone, climate alone, and combined effects. Results suggest that maximum stream water temperatures during thermal stress events are projected to increase by 3.3–7.4 °C due to hydroclimatic change alone by the end of this century. Riparian management is effective in reducing stream temperature increases from timber harvesting alone but cannot fully counteract the additional effects of a warming climate. Overall, our findings suggest that the protection of sensitive aquatic species will likely require additional adaptation strategies, such as the protection or provisioning of cool water refugia, to enhance survival during maximum thermal stress events. HIGHLIGHTS A range of future climate conditions can negatively impact cold-water fish species during extreme thermal events.; Riparian forest management can help play a role to mitigate impacts of future climate conditions.; Cold-water species may be unable to thrive in pristine traditional ecosystems due to climate impacts which cannot be mitigated during extreme thermal events.; Mature forests are unlikely to shelter pristine freshwater streams from impacts of climate change.; The importance of cold-water refugia and alternative mitigation strategies are likely to become increasingly important by the end of the century to combat climate change.;
format	article
author	Hillary N. Yonce Saumya Sarkar Jonathan B. Butcher Thomas E. Johnson Susan H. Julius Stephen D. LeDuc
author_facet	Hillary N. Yonce Saumya Sarkar Jonathan B. Butcher Thomas E. Johnson Susan H. Julius Stephen D. LeDuc
author_sort	Hillary N. Yonce
title	Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
title_short	Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
title_full	Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
title_fullStr	Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
title_sort	forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/31e3781b90564d368cc323ee3326a427
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Forest riparian buffers reduce timber harvesting effects on stream temperature, but additional climate adaptation strategies are likely needed under future conditions

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