The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure

Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission can affect cognition, but little is known about whether low-to-moderate fluoride exposure affects cholinergic system and its effect on the prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) and intelligence quotient (IQ). A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore...

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Autores principales:	Sumei Wang, Qian Zhao, Gaochun Li, Mengwei Wang, Hongliang Liu, Xingchen Yu, Jingwen Chen, Pei Li, Lixin Dong, Guoyu Zhou, Yushan Cui, Mengru Wang, Li Liu, Aiguo Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Water fluoride Urinary fluoride Cholinergic system Dental fluorosis Intelligence quotient Mediation effect Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/32012c7eee5842c2bfe0df2f4bb1c5dc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:32012c7eee5842c2bfe0df2f4bb1c5dc2021-11-22T04:16:31ZThe cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112959https://doaj.org/article/32012c7eee5842c2bfe0df2f4bb1c5dc2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132101071Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission can affect cognition, but little is known about whether low-to-moderate fluoride exposure affects cholinergic system and its effect on the prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) and intelligence quotient (IQ). A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the associations of moderate fluoride exposure and cholinergic system in relation to children's DF and IQ. We recruited 709 resident children in Tianjin, China. Ion selective electrode method was used to detect fluoride concentrations in water and urine. Cholinergic system was assessed by the detection of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in serum. Compared with children in the first quartile, those in fourth quartile the risk of either developing DF or IQ < 120 increased by 19% and 20% for water and urinary fluoride. The risk of having both increased by 58% and 62% in third and fourth quartile for water fluoride, 52% and 65% for urinary fluoride. Water fluoride concentrations were positively associated with AChE and negatively associated with ChAT and ACh, trends were same for urinary fluoride except for ACh. The risk of either developing DF or having non-high intelligence rose by 22% (95%CI: 1.07%, 1.38%) for the fourth quartile than those in the first quartile of AChE, for having the both, the risk was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.50), 1.37 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.62) and 1.44 (95%CI: 1.23, 1.68) in second, third and fourth quartiles. The mediation proportion by AChE between water fluoride and either developing DF or IQ < 120 was 15.7%. For both to exist, the proportion was 6.7% and 7.2% for water and urinary fluoride. Our findings suggest low-to-moderate fluoride exposure was associated with dysfunction of cholinergic system for children. AChE may partly mediate the prevalence of DF and lower probability of having superior and above intelligence.Sumei WangQian ZhaoGaochun LiMengwei WangHongliang LiuXingchen YuJingwen ChenPei LiLixin DongGuoyu ZhouYushan CuiMengru WangLi LiuAiguo WangElsevierarticleWater fluorideUrinary fluorideCholinergic systemDental fluorosisIntelligence quotientMediation effectEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 112959- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Water fluoride Urinary fluoride Cholinergic system Dental fluorosis Intelligence quotient Mediation effect Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Water fluoride Urinary fluoride Cholinergic system Dental fluorosis Intelligence quotient Mediation effect Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Sumei Wang Qian Zhao Gaochun Li Mengwei Wang Hongliang Liu Xingchen Yu Jingwen Chen Pei Li Lixin Dong Guoyu Zhou Yushan Cui Mengru Wang Li Liu Aiguo Wang The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
description	Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission can affect cognition, but little is known about whether low-to-moderate fluoride exposure affects cholinergic system and its effect on the prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) and intelligence quotient (IQ). A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the associations of moderate fluoride exposure and cholinergic system in relation to children's DF and IQ. We recruited 709 resident children in Tianjin, China. Ion selective electrode method was used to detect fluoride concentrations in water and urine. Cholinergic system was assessed by the detection of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in serum. Compared with children in the first quartile, those in fourth quartile the risk of either developing DF or IQ < 120 increased by 19% and 20% for water and urinary fluoride. The risk of having both increased by 58% and 62% in third and fourth quartile for water fluoride, 52% and 65% for urinary fluoride. Water fluoride concentrations were positively associated with AChE and negatively associated with ChAT and ACh, trends were same for urinary fluoride except for ACh. The risk of either developing DF or having non-high intelligence rose by 22% (95%CI: 1.07%, 1.38%) for the fourth quartile than those in the first quartile of AChE, for having the both, the risk was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.50), 1.37 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.62) and 1.44 (95%CI: 1.23, 1.68) in second, third and fourth quartiles. The mediation proportion by AChE between water fluoride and either developing DF or IQ < 120 was 15.7%. For both to exist, the proportion was 6.7% and 7.2% for water and urinary fluoride. Our findings suggest low-to-moderate fluoride exposure was associated with dysfunction of cholinergic system for children. AChE may partly mediate the prevalence of DF and lower probability of having superior and above intelligence.
format	article
author	Sumei Wang Qian Zhao Gaochun Li Mengwei Wang Hongliang Liu Xingchen Yu Jingwen Chen Pei Li Lixin Dong Guoyu Zhou Yushan Cui Mengru Wang Li Liu Aiguo Wang
author_facet	Sumei Wang Qian Zhao Gaochun Li Mengwei Wang Hongliang Liu Xingchen Yu Jingwen Chen Pei Li Lixin Dong Guoyu Zhou Yushan Cui Mengru Wang Li Liu Aiguo Wang
author_sort	Sumei Wang
title	The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
title_short	The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
title_full	The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
title_fullStr	The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
title_full_unstemmed	The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
title_sort	cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/32012c7eee5842c2bfe0df2f4bb1c5dc
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The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure

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