Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1

ABSTRACT The glycosylated mucin domain of the Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall glycoprotein CST1 is heavily stained by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, a lectin that binds to N-acetylgalactosamine. The cyst wall is also heavily stained by the chitin binding lectin succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA),...

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Autores principales:	Rebekah B. Guevara, Barbara A. Fox, David J. Bzik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Toxoplasma gondii cysts chronic infection cyst wall cyst matrix bradyzoite differentiation Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3201a1e697564c82876a056dde0c39f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3201a1e697564c82876a056dde0c39f92021-11-15T15:29:16ZSuccinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST110.1128/mSphere.00031-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/3201a1e697564c82876a056dde0c39f92020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00031-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT The glycosylated mucin domain of the Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall glycoprotein CST1 is heavily stained by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, a lectin that binds to N-acetylgalactosamine. The cyst wall is also heavily stained by the chitin binding lectin succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA), which selectively binds to N-acetylglucosamine-decorated structures. Here, we tracked the localization of N-acetylglucosamine-decorated structures that bind to s-WGA in immature and mature in vitro cysts. s-WGA localization was observed at the cyst periphery 6 h after the differentiation of the tachyzoite-stage parasitophorous vacuole. By day 1 and at all later times after differentiation, s-WGA was localized in a continuous staining pattern at the cyst wall. Coinciding with the maturation of the cyst matrix by day 3 of cyst development, s-WGA also localized in a continuous matrix pattern inside the cyst. s-WGA localized in both the outer and inner layer regions of the cyst wall and in a continuous matrix pattern inside mature 7- and 10-day-old cysts. In addition, s-WGA colocalized in the cyst wall with CST1, suggesting that N-acetylglucosamine- and N-acetylgalactosamine-decorated molecules colocalized in the cyst wall. In contrast to CST1, GRA4, and GRA6, the relative accumulation of the molecules that bind s-WGA in the cyst wall was not dependent on the expression of GRA2. Our results suggest that GRA2-dependent and GRA2-independent mechanisms regulate the trafficking and accumulation of glycosylated molecules that colocalize in the cyst wall. IMPORTANCE Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is maintained in the central nervous system by thick-walled cysts. If host immunity wanes, cysts recrudesce and cause severe and often lethal toxoplasmic encephalitis. Currently, there are no therapies to eliminate cysts, and little biological information is available regarding cyst structure(s). Here, we investigated cyst wall molecules recognized by succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA), a lectin that specifically binds to N-acetylglucosamine-decorated structures. N-Acetylglucosamine regulates cell signaling and plays structural roles at the cell surface in many organisms. The cyst wall and cyst matrix were heavily stained by s-WGA in mature cysts and were differentially stained during cyst development. The relative accumulation of molecules that bind to s-WGA in the cyst wall was not dependent on the expression of GRA2. Our findings suggest that glycosylated cyst wall molecules gain access to the cyst wall via GRA2-dependent and GRA2-independent mechanisms and colocalize in the cyst wall.Rebekah B. GuevaraBarbara A. FoxDavid J. BzikAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleToxoplasma gondiicystschronic infectioncyst wallcyst matrixbradyzoite differentiationMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Toxoplasma gondii cysts chronic infection cyst wall cyst matrix bradyzoite differentiation Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Toxoplasma gondii cysts chronic infection cyst wall cyst matrix bradyzoite differentiation Microbiology QR1-502 Rebekah B. Guevara Barbara A. Fox David J. Bzik Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
description	ABSTRACT The glycosylated mucin domain of the Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall glycoprotein CST1 is heavily stained by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, a lectin that binds to N-acetylgalactosamine. The cyst wall is also heavily stained by the chitin binding lectin succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA), which selectively binds to N-acetylglucosamine-decorated structures. Here, we tracked the localization of N-acetylglucosamine-decorated structures that bind to s-WGA in immature and mature in vitro cysts. s-WGA localization was observed at the cyst periphery 6 h after the differentiation of the tachyzoite-stage parasitophorous vacuole. By day 1 and at all later times after differentiation, s-WGA was localized in a continuous staining pattern at the cyst wall. Coinciding with the maturation of the cyst matrix by day 3 of cyst development, s-WGA also localized in a continuous matrix pattern inside the cyst. s-WGA localized in both the outer and inner layer regions of the cyst wall and in a continuous matrix pattern inside mature 7- and 10-day-old cysts. In addition, s-WGA colocalized in the cyst wall with CST1, suggesting that N-acetylglucosamine- and N-acetylgalactosamine-decorated molecules colocalized in the cyst wall. In contrast to CST1, GRA4, and GRA6, the relative accumulation of the molecules that bind s-WGA in the cyst wall was not dependent on the expression of GRA2. Our results suggest that GRA2-dependent and GRA2-independent mechanisms regulate the trafficking and accumulation of glycosylated molecules that colocalize in the cyst wall. IMPORTANCE Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is maintained in the central nervous system by thick-walled cysts. If host immunity wanes, cysts recrudesce and cause severe and often lethal toxoplasmic encephalitis. Currently, there are no therapies to eliminate cysts, and little biological information is available regarding cyst structure(s). Here, we investigated cyst wall molecules recognized by succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA), a lectin that specifically binds to N-acetylglucosamine-decorated structures. N-Acetylglucosamine regulates cell signaling and plays structural roles at the cell surface in many organisms. The cyst wall and cyst matrix were heavily stained by s-WGA in mature cysts and were differentially stained during cyst development. The relative accumulation of molecules that bind to s-WGA in the cyst wall was not dependent on the expression of GRA2. Our findings suggest that glycosylated cyst wall molecules gain access to the cyst wall via GRA2-dependent and GRA2-independent mechanisms and colocalize in the cyst wall.
format	article
author	Rebekah B. Guevara Barbara A. Fox David J. Bzik
author_facet	Rebekah B. Guevara Barbara A. Fox David J. Bzik
author_sort	Rebekah B. Guevara
title	Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
title_short	Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
title_full	Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
title_fullStr	Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
title_full_unstemmed	Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
title_sort	succinylated wheat germ agglutinin colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">toxoplasma gondii</named-content> cyst wall glycoprotein cst1
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/3201a1e697564c82876a056dde0c39f9
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Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1

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