Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment

Water fluoride levels above the World Health Organization’s guideline (1.5 mg/L), common in overexploited aquifers, represent a health hazard. Our objective was to assess the health risks posed by exposure to fluoride in different drinking water sources in a contaminated basin in Mexico. Fluoride wa...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Paulina Farías, Jesús Alejandro Estevez-García, Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo, María Luisa Pérez-Humara, Elodia Rojas-Lima, Urinda Álamo-Hernández, Diana Olivia Rocha-Amador
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fluoride fluorosis geogenic groundwater aquifer risk assessment Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/320ba3096fa24aa793fa8ec38c778ec8
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:320ba3096fa24aa793fa8ec38c778ec8
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:320ba3096fa24aa793fa8ec38c778ec82021-11-11T16:37:04ZFluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment10.3390/ijerph1821114901660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/320ba3096fa24aa793fa8ec38c778ec82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11490https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Water fluoride levels above the World Health Organization’s guideline (1.5 mg/L), common in overexploited aquifers, represent a health hazard. Our objective was to assess the health risks posed by exposure to fluoride in different drinking water sources in a contaminated basin in Mexico. Fluoride was measured in mutual drinking water sources and in the urine of 39 children and women. Risks were estimated through hazard quotient (HQ) by drinking water source. Dental fluorosis was assessed in the children. Mean fluoride water concentrations (mg/L) were: well, 4.2; waterhole, 2.7; bottled, 2.1; rainwater, 0.4. The mean urinary fluoride concentrations (specific gravity adjusted) were 2.1 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L in children and women, respectively. Our multiple linear regression model showed children’s urinary fluoride concentrations increased 0.96 mg/L for every 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Dental fluorosis was diagnosed in 82% of the children, and their HQ according to drinking water source was: well, 1.5; waterhole, 1.1; bottled, 0.8; harvested rainwater, 0.3. The pervasive dental fluorosis indicates a toxic past fluoride exposure; urinary fluoride levels and HQs indicate high exposure and current health risks for most children. Drinking harvested rainwater will likely prevent most of the local fluoride exposure.Paulina FaríasJesús Alejandro Estevez-GarcíaErika Noelia Onofre-PardoMaría Luisa Pérez-HumaraElodia Rojas-LimaUrinda Álamo-HernándezDiana Olivia Rocha-AmadorMDPI AGarticlefluoridefluorosisgeogenicgroundwateraquiferrisk assessmentMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11490, p 11490 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fluoride fluorosis geogenic groundwater aquifer risk assessment Medicine R
spellingShingle	fluoride fluorosis geogenic groundwater aquifer risk assessment Medicine R Paulina Farías Jesús Alejandro Estevez-García Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo María Luisa Pérez-Humara Elodia Rojas-Lima Urinda Álamo-Hernández Diana Olivia Rocha-Amador Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment
description	Water fluoride levels above the World Health Organization’s guideline (1.5 mg/L), common in overexploited aquifers, represent a health hazard. Our objective was to assess the health risks posed by exposure to fluoride in different drinking water sources in a contaminated basin in Mexico. Fluoride was measured in mutual drinking water sources and in the urine of 39 children and women. Risks were estimated through hazard quotient (HQ) by drinking water source. Dental fluorosis was assessed in the children. Mean fluoride water concentrations (mg/L) were: well, 4.2; waterhole, 2.7; bottled, 2.1; rainwater, 0.4. The mean urinary fluoride concentrations (specific gravity adjusted) were 2.1 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L in children and women, respectively. Our multiple linear regression model showed children’s urinary fluoride concentrations increased 0.96 mg/L for every 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Dental fluorosis was diagnosed in 82% of the children, and their HQ according to drinking water source was: well, 1.5; waterhole, 1.1; bottled, 0.8; harvested rainwater, 0.3. The pervasive dental fluorosis indicates a toxic past fluoride exposure; urinary fluoride levels and HQs indicate high exposure and current health risks for most children. Drinking harvested rainwater will likely prevent most of the local fluoride exposure.
format	article
author	Paulina Farías Jesús Alejandro Estevez-García Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo María Luisa Pérez-Humara Elodia Rojas-Lima Urinda Álamo-Hernández Diana Olivia Rocha-Amador
author_facet	Paulina Farías Jesús Alejandro Estevez-García Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo María Luisa Pérez-Humara Elodia Rojas-Lima Urinda Álamo-Hernández Diana Olivia Rocha-Amador
author_sort	Paulina Farías
title	Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment
title_short	Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment
title_full	Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment
title_fullStr	Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment
title_full_unstemmed	Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment
title_sort	fluoride exposure through different drinking water sources in a contaminated basin in guanajuato, mexico: a deterministic human health risk assessment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/320ba3096fa24aa793fa8ec38c778ec8
work_keys_str_mv	AT paulinafarias fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment AT jesusalejandroestevezgarcia fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment AT erikanoeliaonofrepardo fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment AT marialuisaperezhumara fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment AT elodiarojaslima fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment AT urindaalamohernandez fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment AT dianaoliviarochaamador fluorideexposurethroughdifferentdrinkingwatersourcesinacontaminatedbasininguanajuatomexicoadeterministichumanhealthriskassessment
_version_	1718432288619888640

Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment

Ejemplares similares