Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea
Newborn piglets are prone to diarrhea after weaning as a result of changes in their environment and feed. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 strain is a typical pathogen that causes diarrhea in such stage of piglets. Hermetia illucens larvae are widely used in livestock and poultry producti...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:3213e7e74a374cbf84f9ce94a7c3aaeb2021-12-02T01:28:39ZCitric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.751861https://doaj.org/article/3213e7e74a374cbf84f9ce94a7c3aaeb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.751861/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Newborn piglets are prone to diarrhea after weaning as a result of changes in their environment and feed. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 strain is a typical pathogen that causes diarrhea in such stage of piglets. Hermetia illucens larvae are widely used in livestock and poultry production because of their high nutritional value and immunoregulatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of H. illucens feed in protecting against ETEC induced diarrhea in piglets and to unravel the mechanisms of immune modulation and intestinal barrier maintenance. The results showed that after ETEC infection, citric acid in the serum of the groups fed on H. illucens larvae increased significantly, which stimulated macrophages to secrete cytokines that promote B lymphocyte differentiation, ultimately increasing the production of IgA and IgG in serum. Concomitantly, citric acid also had a positive effect on the intestinal barrier damaged due to ETEC infection by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, reducing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and promoting the expression of tight junction proteins. Correlation analysis showed that the increase of citric acid levels might be related to Massilia. Thus, citric acid derived from H. illucens larvae can improve the immune performance of weaned piglets and reduce ETEC-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in weaned piglets.Mingming LiuMingming LiuBoyu YuanXinxin JinMingqiang ZhuHaidong XuGaijie XieZifan WangXue ZhangZhaoyun XuBai LiYanhua HuangYantao LvWei WangFrontiers Media S.A.articleweaning pigletsenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88Hermetia illucenscitric acid (CA)B lymphocyteintestinal barrierVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
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| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
weaning piglets enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 Hermetia illucens citric acid (CA) B lymphocyte intestinal barrier Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 |
| spellingShingle |
weaning piglets enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 Hermetia illucens citric acid (CA) B lymphocyte intestinal barrier Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Mingming Liu Mingming Liu Boyu Yuan Xinxin Jin Mingqiang Zhu Haidong Xu Gaijie Xie Zifan Wang Xue Zhang Zhaoyun Xu Bai Li Yanhua Huang Yantao Lv Wei Wang Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea |
| description |
Newborn piglets are prone to diarrhea after weaning as a result of changes in their environment and feed. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 strain is a typical pathogen that causes diarrhea in such stage of piglets. Hermetia illucens larvae are widely used in livestock and poultry production because of their high nutritional value and immunoregulatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of H. illucens feed in protecting against ETEC induced diarrhea in piglets and to unravel the mechanisms of immune modulation and intestinal barrier maintenance. The results showed that after ETEC infection, citric acid in the serum of the groups fed on H. illucens larvae increased significantly, which stimulated macrophages to secrete cytokines that promote B lymphocyte differentiation, ultimately increasing the production of IgA and IgG in serum. Concomitantly, citric acid also had a positive effect on the intestinal barrier damaged due to ETEC infection by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, reducing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and promoting the expression of tight junction proteins. Correlation analysis showed that the increase of citric acid levels might be related to Massilia. Thus, citric acid derived from H. illucens larvae can improve the immune performance of weaned piglets and reduce ETEC-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in weaned piglets. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Mingming Liu Mingming Liu Boyu Yuan Xinxin Jin Mingqiang Zhu Haidong Xu Gaijie Xie Zifan Wang Xue Zhang Zhaoyun Xu Bai Li Yanhua Huang Yantao Lv Wei Wang |
| author_facet |
Mingming Liu Mingming Liu Boyu Yuan Xinxin Jin Mingqiang Zhu Haidong Xu Gaijie Xie Zifan Wang Xue Zhang Zhaoyun Xu Bai Li Yanhua Huang Yantao Lv Wei Wang |
| author_sort |
Mingming Liu |
| title |
Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea |
| title_short |
Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea |
| title_full |
Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea |
| title_fullStr |
Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Hermetia illucens Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea |
| title_sort |
citric acid promoting b lymphocyte differentiation and anti-epithelial cells apoptosis mediate the protective effects of hermetia illucens feed in etec induced piglets diarrhea |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/3213e7e74a374cbf84f9ce94a7c3aaeb |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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