Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract Host plant attributes are essential factors determining the population dynamics of herbivorous insects. The developmental stage of host plants, in particular, may affect the biology of Grapholita molesta (Busck), a possibility that has rarely been examined. Here we assessed the effect of de...

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Autores principales:	Souvic Sarker, Young Ha Woo, Un Taek Lim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/32378c7c2ee84280a2565799e10f7df4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:32378c7c2ee84280a2565799e10f7df42021-12-02T15:23:47ZDevelopmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)10.1038/s41598-021-81651-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/32378c7c2ee84280a2565799e10f7df42021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81651-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Host plant attributes are essential factors determining the population dynamics of herbivorous insects. The developmental stage of host plants, in particular, may affect the biology of Grapholita molesta (Busck), a possibility that has rarely been examined. Here we assessed the effect of developmental stage of plum, peach, and apple fruits on the development and fecundity performance of G. molesta, along with an examination of the firmness and sugar content of the fruits. Among the fruits collected earliest (May 31), plum and apple were better food sources for G. molesta compared to peach in terms of development, reproduction, and life table parameters. However, despite the higher sugar content in peach, G. molesta larvae showed a lower rate of fruit penetration in peach, probably due to fruit firmness. In the later-collected fruit (June 25), both peach and apple were better than plum, as peach and apple were softer and had higher sugar content. Nevertheless, the penetration rate of larva was still low in peach probably due to pubescence on the fruit surface. Although the plum fruits in the later collection date were softer with higher sugar content, there was a negative impact on the development and reproduction because fruits started to liquefy earlier. In conclusion, the developmental stage of fruits with changes in fruit firmness or sugar content affected the development and reproduction of G. molesta, and apple would be the best food source.Souvic SarkerYoung Ha WooUn Taek LimNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Souvic Sarker Young Ha Woo Un Taek Lim Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
description	Abstract Host plant attributes are essential factors determining the population dynamics of herbivorous insects. The developmental stage of host plants, in particular, may affect the biology of Grapholita molesta (Busck), a possibility that has rarely been examined. Here we assessed the effect of developmental stage of plum, peach, and apple fruits on the development and fecundity performance of G. molesta, along with an examination of the firmness and sugar content of the fruits. Among the fruits collected earliest (May 31), plum and apple were better food sources for G. molesta compared to peach in terms of development, reproduction, and life table parameters. However, despite the higher sugar content in peach, G. molesta larvae showed a lower rate of fruit penetration in peach, probably due to fruit firmness. In the later-collected fruit (June 25), both peach and apple were better than plum, as peach and apple were softer and had higher sugar content. Nevertheless, the penetration rate of larva was still low in peach probably due to pubescence on the fruit surface. Although the plum fruits in the later collection date were softer with higher sugar content, there was a negative impact on the development and reproduction because fruits started to liquefy earlier. In conclusion, the developmental stage of fruits with changes in fruit firmness or sugar content affected the development and reproduction of G. molesta, and apple would be the best food source.
format	article
author	Souvic Sarker Young Ha Woo Un Taek Lim
author_facet	Souvic Sarker Young Ha Woo Un Taek Lim
author_sort	Souvic Sarker
title	Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
title_short	Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
title_full	Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
title_fullStr	Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
title_full_unstemmed	Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
title_sort	developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of grapholita molesta (lepidoptera: tortricidae)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/32378c7c2ee84280a2565799e10f7df4
work_keys_str_mv	AT souvicsarker developmentalstagesofpeachplumandapplefruitinfluencedevelopmentandfecundityofgrapholitamolestalepidopteratortricidae AT younghawoo developmentalstagesofpeachplumandapplefruitinfluencedevelopmentandfecundityofgrapholitamolestalepidopteratortricidae AT untaeklim developmentalstagesofpeachplumandapplefruitinfluencedevelopmentandfecundityofgrapholitamolestalepidopteratortricidae
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Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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