Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany

While many authors have described the adverse health effects of poor air quality and meteorological extremes, there remain inconsistencies on a regional scale as well as uncertainty about the single and joint effects of atmospheric predictors. In this context, we investigated the short-term impacts...

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Autores principales:	Patrick Olschewski, Irena Kaspar-Ott, Stephanie Koller, Gerhard Schenkirsch, Martin Trepel, Elke Hertig
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	environmental epidemiology cancer mortality climate air quality weather-related health Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3258d338ee6d417bbe02cda0c5f4d508
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3258d338ee6d417bbe02cda0c5f4d5082021-11-25T17:47:53ZAssociations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany10.3390/ijerph1822117371660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/3258d338ee6d417bbe02cda0c5f4d5082021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11737https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601While many authors have described the adverse health effects of poor air quality and meteorological extremes, there remain inconsistencies on a regional scale as well as uncertainty about the single and joint effects of atmospheric predictors. In this context, we investigated the short-term impacts of weather and air quality on moderate extreme cancer-related mortality events for the urban area of Augsburg, Southern Germany, during the period 2000–2017. First, single effects were uncovered by applying a case-crossover routine. The overall impact was assessed by performing a Mann–Whitney U testing scheme. We then compared the results of this procedure to extreme noncancer-related mortality events. In a second step, we found periods with contemporaneous significant predictors and carried out an in-depth analysis of these joint-effect periods. We were interested in the atmospheric processes leading to the emergence of significant conditions. Hence, we applied the Principal Component Analysis to large-scale synoptic conditions during these periods. The results demonstrate a strong linkage between high-mortality events in cancer patients and significantly above-average levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) during the late winter through spring period. These were mainly linked to northerly to easterly weak airflow under stable, high-pressure conditions. Especially in winter and spring, this can result in low temperatures and a ground-level increase and the accumulation of air pollution from heating and traffic as well as eastern lateral advection of polluted air. Additionally, above-average temperatures were shown to occur on the days before mortality events from mid-summer through fall, which was also caused by high-pressure conditions with weak wind flow and intense solar radiation. Our approach can be used to analyse medical data with epidemiological as well as climatological methods while providing a more vivid representation of the underlying atmospheric processes.Patrick OlschewskiIrena Kaspar-OttStephanie KollerGerhard SchenkirschMartin TrepelElke HertigMDPI AGarticleenvironmental epidemiologycancermortalityclimateair qualityweather-related healthMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11737, p 11737 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	environmental epidemiology cancer mortality climate air quality weather-related health Medicine R
spellingShingle	environmental epidemiology cancer mortality climate air quality weather-related health Medicine R Patrick Olschewski Irena Kaspar-Ott Stephanie Koller Gerhard Schenkirsch Martin Trepel Elke Hertig Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany
description	While many authors have described the adverse health effects of poor air quality and meteorological extremes, there remain inconsistencies on a regional scale as well as uncertainty about the single and joint effects of atmospheric predictors. In this context, we investigated the short-term impacts of weather and air quality on moderate extreme cancer-related mortality events for the urban area of Augsburg, Southern Germany, during the period 2000–2017. First, single effects were uncovered by applying a case-crossover routine. The overall impact was assessed by performing a Mann–Whitney U testing scheme. We then compared the results of this procedure to extreme noncancer-related mortality events. In a second step, we found periods with contemporaneous significant predictors and carried out an in-depth analysis of these joint-effect periods. We were interested in the atmospheric processes leading to the emergence of significant conditions. Hence, we applied the Principal Component Analysis to large-scale synoptic conditions during these periods. The results demonstrate a strong linkage between high-mortality events in cancer patients and significantly above-average levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) during the late winter through spring period. These were mainly linked to northerly to easterly weak airflow under stable, high-pressure conditions. Especially in winter and spring, this can result in low temperatures and a ground-level increase and the accumulation of air pollution from heating and traffic as well as eastern lateral advection of polluted air. Additionally, above-average temperatures were shown to occur on the days before mortality events from mid-summer through fall, which was also caused by high-pressure conditions with weak wind flow and intense solar radiation. Our approach can be used to analyse medical data with epidemiological as well as climatological methods while providing a more vivid representation of the underlying atmospheric processes.
format	article
author	Patrick Olschewski Irena Kaspar-Ott Stephanie Koller Gerhard Schenkirsch Martin Trepel Elke Hertig
author_facet	Patrick Olschewski Irena Kaspar-Ott Stephanie Koller Gerhard Schenkirsch Martin Trepel Elke Hertig
author_sort	Patrick Olschewski
title	Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany
title_short	Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany
title_full	Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany
title_fullStr	Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany
title_full_unstemmed	Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany
title_sort	associations between weather, air quality and moderate extreme cancer-related mortality events in augsburg, southern germany
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3258d338ee6d417bbe02cda0c5f4d508
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Associations between Weather, Air Quality and Moderate Extreme Cancer-Related Mortality Events in Augsburg, Southern Germany

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