The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the key compound of rice aroma. However, the responses of 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice under different soil moisture and the corresponding mechanism are little known. The present study evaluated the effects of different soil moisture on 2-AP biosynthesis through...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:32803911968145ae99b7c48d81ab59912021-12-01T05:26:09ZThe Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.772728https://doaj.org/article/32803911968145ae99b7c48d81ab59912021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.772728/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the key compound of rice aroma. However, the responses of 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice under different soil moisture and the corresponding mechanism are little known. The present study evaluated the effects of different soil moisture on 2-AP biosynthesis through a pot experiment. Four soil moisture contents, that is, 50% (SM50), 40% (SM40), 30% (SM30), and 20% (SM20), were adopted, and SM50 treatment was taken as control. The pots were weighed and watered to maintain the corresponding soil moisture content. The results showed no significant difference in growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, and plant dry weight) among all treatments. Compared with SM50, SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased 2-AP content by 32.81, 23.18, and 53.12%, respectively. Between 20 to 90% higher proline content was observed in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments than in SM50. Enzymes including proline dehydrogenase, ornithine transaminase, and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase exhibited lower activities with soil moisture declined. Higher diamine oxidase activity was observed in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments compared with SM50, and real-time PCR analyses showed that transcript level of DAO1 was greatly increased under low soil moisture treatments, especially in SM20 treatment. Transcript levels of PRODH, DAO2, DAO4, DAO5, OAT, P5CS1, and P5CS2 decreased or maintained in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments compared with SM50. We deduced that low soil moisture content enhanced 2-AP biosynthesis mainly by upregulating the expression of DAO1 to promote the conversion from putrescine to 2-AP.Haowen LuoHaowen LuoHaowen LuoMeiyang DuanMeiyang DuanMeiyang DuanLeilei KongLongxin HeLongxin HeLongxin HeYulin ChenZhimin WangXiangru TangXiangru TangXiangru TangFrontiers Media S.A.articlefragrant rice2-acetyl-1-pyrrolinegene expressionenzymesprolinesoil moisturePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021) |
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| topic |
fragrant rice 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline gene expression enzymes proline soil moisture Plant culture SB1-1110 |
| spellingShingle |
fragrant rice 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline gene expression enzymes proline soil moisture Plant culture SB1-1110 Haowen Luo Haowen Luo Haowen Luo Meiyang Duan Meiyang Duan Meiyang Duan Leilei Kong Longxin He Longxin He Longxin He Yulin Chen Zhimin Wang Xiangru Tang Xiangru Tang Xiangru Tang The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents |
| description |
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the key compound of rice aroma. However, the responses of 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice under different soil moisture and the corresponding mechanism are little known. The present study evaluated the effects of different soil moisture on 2-AP biosynthesis through a pot experiment. Four soil moisture contents, that is, 50% (SM50), 40% (SM40), 30% (SM30), and 20% (SM20), were adopted, and SM50 treatment was taken as control. The pots were weighed and watered to maintain the corresponding soil moisture content. The results showed no significant difference in growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, and plant dry weight) among all treatments. Compared with SM50, SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased 2-AP content by 32.81, 23.18, and 53.12%, respectively. Between 20 to 90% higher proline content was observed in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments than in SM50. Enzymes including proline dehydrogenase, ornithine transaminase, and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase exhibited lower activities with soil moisture declined. Higher diamine oxidase activity was observed in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments compared with SM50, and real-time PCR analyses showed that transcript level of DAO1 was greatly increased under low soil moisture treatments, especially in SM20 treatment. Transcript levels of PRODH, DAO2, DAO4, DAO5, OAT, P5CS1, and P5CS2 decreased or maintained in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments compared with SM50. We deduced that low soil moisture content enhanced 2-AP biosynthesis mainly by upregulating the expression of DAO1 to promote the conversion from putrescine to 2-AP. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Haowen Luo Haowen Luo Haowen Luo Meiyang Duan Meiyang Duan Meiyang Duan Leilei Kong Longxin He Longxin He Longxin He Yulin Chen Zhimin Wang Xiangru Tang Xiangru Tang Xiangru Tang |
| author_facet |
Haowen Luo Haowen Luo Haowen Luo Meiyang Duan Meiyang Duan Meiyang Duan Leilei Kong Longxin He Longxin He Longxin He Yulin Chen Zhimin Wang Xiangru Tang Xiangru Tang Xiangru Tang |
| author_sort |
Haowen Luo |
| title |
The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents |
| title_short |
The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents |
| title_full |
The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents |
| title_fullStr |
The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents |
| title_sort |
regulatory mechanism of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in fragrant rice (oryza sativa l.) under different soil moisture contents |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/32803911968145ae99b7c48d81ab5991 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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