Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of globa...

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Autores principales:	Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan, Stephen J. Walters, Richard Jacques, Khaled Khatab
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	malaria fever <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Falciparum vivax</i> under-five determinants Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/328a2bb44a354a5099f61cb839d5162d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:328a2bb44a354a5099f61cb839d5162d2021-11-11T16:23:16ZIndividual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach10.3390/ijerph1821112341660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/328a2bb44a354a5099f61cb839d5162d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11234https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of global malaria cases. This study determined the prevalence of malaria among children at 6–59 months in Nigeria, and the effects of individual and contextual factors. Methods: This study utilized data from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) involving a weighted sample size of 10,185 children who were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Given the hierarchical structure of the data set, such that children at Level-1 were nested in communities at Level-2, and nested in states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at Level-3, multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of children 6–59 months of age in Nigeria that had malaria fever positive as assessed by RDTs was 35.5% (3418/10,185), (CI: 33.9–37.1). Kebbi State had 77.7%, (CI: 70.2–83.5), which was the highest proportion of 6–59 months who were malaria positive, next in line was Katsina State with 55.5%, (CI: 47.7–63.1). The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja had the proportion of 29.6%, (CI: 21.6–39.0), malaria positive children of 6–59 months of age. Children between the age of 48 and 59 months were 2.68 times more likely to have malaria fever than children of ages 6–11 months (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 2.03–3.54). In addition, children from the rural area (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.75–2.57), were more likely to suffer from malaria infection compared to children from urban area. Conclusion: The study identified some individual and contextual predictors of malaria among children in Nigeria. These factors identified in this study are potential areas that need to be considered for policy designs and implementations toward control and total elimination of malaria-related morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria.Phillips Edomwonyi ObasohanStephen J. WaltersRichard JacquesKhaled KhatabMDPI AGarticlemalariafever<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i><i>Falciparum vivax</i>under-fivedeterminantsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11234, p 11234 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria fever <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Falciparum vivax</i> under-five determinants Medicine R
spellingShingle	malaria fever <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Falciparum vivax</i> under-five determinants Medicine R Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan Stephen J. Walters Richard Jacques Khaled Khatab Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
description	Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of global malaria cases. This study determined the prevalence of malaria among children at 6–59 months in Nigeria, and the effects of individual and contextual factors. Methods: This study utilized data from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) involving a weighted sample size of 10,185 children who were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Given the hierarchical structure of the data set, such that children at Level-1 were nested in communities at Level-2, and nested in states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at Level-3, multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of children 6–59 months of age in Nigeria that had malaria fever positive as assessed by RDTs was 35.5% (3418/10,185), (CI: 33.9–37.1). Kebbi State had 77.7%, (CI: 70.2–83.5), which was the highest proportion of 6–59 months who were malaria positive, next in line was Katsina State with 55.5%, (CI: 47.7–63.1). The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja had the proportion of 29.6%, (CI: 21.6–39.0), malaria positive children of 6–59 months of age. Children between the age of 48 and 59 months were 2.68 times more likely to have malaria fever than children of ages 6–11 months (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 2.03–3.54). In addition, children from the rural area (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.75–2.57), were more likely to suffer from malaria infection compared to children from urban area. Conclusion: The study identified some individual and contextual predictors of malaria among children in Nigeria. These factors identified in this study are potential areas that need to be considered for policy designs and implementations toward control and total elimination of malaria-related morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria.
format	article
author	Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan Stephen J. Walters Richard Jacques Khaled Khatab
author_facet	Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan Stephen J. Walters Richard Jacques Khaled Khatab
author_sort	Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan
title	Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
title_short	Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
title_full	Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
title_fullStr	Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
title_full_unstemmed	Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
title_sort	individual and contextual factors associated with malaria among children 6–59 months in nigeria: a multilevel mixed effect logistic model approach
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/328a2bb44a354a5099f61cb839d5162d
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Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

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