Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water

Understanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log<sub>10</sub> redu...

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Autores principales:	Daryl P. Stevens, Vivek Daniel, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Arturo Aburto-Medina, Sarvesh K. Soni, Leadin S. Khudur, Basma Khallaf, Aravind Surapaneni, Jonathan Schmidt, Alexandra Keegan, Nicholas D. Crosbie, Judy Blackbeard, James Hampton, Dan Deere, Nick O’Connor, Andrew S. Ball
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	helminth egg sewage log reduction value recycled water treatment Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/32aa32cb09d347daaa87d6fa7fde829b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:32aa32cb09d347daaa87d6fa7fde829b2021-11-25T19:14:47ZImprovement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water10.3390/w132231492073-4441https://doaj.org/article/32aa32cb09d347daaa87d6fa7fde829b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3149https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Understanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log<sub>10</sub> reduction value (LRV) in HE concentration during the production of recycled water from sewage to achieve the guideline concentration of ≤1.0 HE/L. The total concentration of HE in sewage reaches thousands of HE/L in developing countries and therefore, an LRV of 4.0 is generally accepted to achieve a safe concentration in recycled water, as this will meet the guideline value. However, in many developed countries with good sanitation and public health standards, the HE concentration in sewage is generally <10 HE/L. Therefore, validation of the sewage treatment process relied on to achieve an LRV of 4.0 can be difficult. Because of these limitations, design equations to predict LRVs from hydraulic retention times (HRT), which are geographically non-specific, are commonly relied on to ensure the production of safe quality recycled water with respect to HE. However, these design equations could be further refined by defining the design and management of the treatment process in greater detail and thus be used more effectively for determining the LRV required. This paper discusses the limitations and possible improvements that could be applied to LRV design equations for predicting HE removal at WWTPs and identifies the data requirements to support these improvements. Several options for LRV design equations are proposed that could be validated experimentally or via the ongoing operation of WWTPs. These improvements have the potential to assist the rationalization of the HE removal requirements for specific treatment options, exposure scenarios and use of recycled water in agriculture.Daryl P. StevensVivek DanielEsmaeil ShahsavariArturo Aburto-MedinaSarvesh K. SoniLeadin S. KhudurBasma KhallafAravind SurapaneniJonathan SchmidtAlexandra KeeganNicholas D. CrosbieJudy BlackbeardJames HamptonDan DeereNick O’ConnorAndrew S. BallMDPI AGarticlehelmintheggsewagelog reduction valuerecycled watertreatmentHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3149, p 3149 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	helminth egg sewage log reduction value recycled water treatment Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	helminth egg sewage log reduction value recycled water treatment Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Daryl P. Stevens Vivek Daniel Esmaeil Shahsavari Arturo Aburto-Medina Sarvesh K. Soni Leadin S. Khudur Basma Khallaf Aravind Surapaneni Jonathan Schmidt Alexandra Keegan Nicholas D. Crosbie Judy Blackbeard James Hampton Dan Deere Nick O’Connor Andrew S. Ball Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
description	Understanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log<sub>10</sub> reduction value (LRV) in HE concentration during the production of recycled water from sewage to achieve the guideline concentration of ≤1.0 HE/L. The total concentration of HE in sewage reaches thousands of HE/L in developing countries and therefore, an LRV of 4.0 is generally accepted to achieve a safe concentration in recycled water, as this will meet the guideline value. However, in many developed countries with good sanitation and public health standards, the HE concentration in sewage is generally <10 HE/L. Therefore, validation of the sewage treatment process relied on to achieve an LRV of 4.0 can be difficult. Because of these limitations, design equations to predict LRVs from hydraulic retention times (HRT), which are geographically non-specific, are commonly relied on to ensure the production of safe quality recycled water with respect to HE. However, these design equations could be further refined by defining the design and management of the treatment process in greater detail and thus be used more effectively for determining the LRV required. This paper discusses the limitations and possible improvements that could be applied to LRV design equations for predicting HE removal at WWTPs and identifies the data requirements to support these improvements. Several options for LRV design equations are proposed that could be validated experimentally or via the ongoing operation of WWTPs. These improvements have the potential to assist the rationalization of the HE removal requirements for specific treatment options, exposure scenarios and use of recycled water in agriculture.
format	article
author	Daryl P. Stevens Vivek Daniel Esmaeil Shahsavari Arturo Aburto-Medina Sarvesh K. Soni Leadin S. Khudur Basma Khallaf Aravind Surapaneni Jonathan Schmidt Alexandra Keegan Nicholas D. Crosbie Judy Blackbeard James Hampton Dan Deere Nick O’Connor Andrew S. Ball
author_facet	Daryl P. Stevens Vivek Daniel Esmaeil Shahsavari Arturo Aburto-Medina Sarvesh K. Soni Leadin S. Khudur Basma Khallaf Aravind Surapaneni Jonathan Schmidt Alexandra Keegan Nicholas D. Crosbie Judy Blackbeard James Hampton Dan Deere Nick O’Connor Andrew S. Ball
author_sort	Daryl P. Stevens
title	Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
title_short	Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
title_full	Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
title_fullStr	Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
title_full_unstemmed	Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
title_sort	improvement of log reduction values design equations for helminth egg management in recycled water
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/32aa32cb09d347daaa87d6fa7fde829b
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Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water

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