From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.

Achieving global food security is one of the major challenges of the coming decades. In order to tackle future food security challenges we must understand the past. This study presents a historical analysis of global food availability, one of the key elements of food security. By calculating nationa...

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Autores principales:	Miina Porkka, Matti Kummu, Stefan Siebert, Olli Varis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/32ab26be5a314bce95a6db215f8dca3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:32ab26be5a314bce95a6db215f8dca3b2021-11-18T08:41:21ZFrom food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0082714https://doaj.org/article/32ab26be5a314bce95a6db215f8dca3b2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24367545/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Achieving global food security is one of the major challenges of the coming decades. In order to tackle future food security challenges we must understand the past. This study presents a historical analysis of global food availability, one of the key elements of food security. By calculating national level dietary energy supply and production for nine time steps during 1965-2005 we classify countries based on their food availability, food self-sufficiency and food trade. We also look at how diets have changed during this period with regard to supply of animal based calories. Our results show that food availability has increased substantially both in absolute and relative terms. The percentage of population living in countries with sufficient food supply (>2500 kcal/cap/d) has almost doubled from 33% in 1965 to 61% in 2005. The population living with critically low food supply (<2000 kcal/cap/d) has dropped from 52% to 3%. Largest improvements are seen in the MENA region, Latin America, China and Southeast Asia. Besides, the composition of diets has changed considerably within the study period: the world population living with high supply of animal source food (>15% of dietary energy supply) increased from 33% to over 50%. While food supply has increased globally, food self-sufficiency (domestic production>2500 kcal/cap/d) has not changed remarkably. In the beginning of the study period insufficient domestic production meant insufficient food supply, but in recent years the deficit has been increasingly compensated by rising food imports. This highlights the growing importance of food trade, either for food supply in importing countries or as a source of income for exporters. Our results provide a basis for understanding past global food system dynamics which, in turn, can benefit research on future food security.Miina PorkkaMatti KummuStefan SiebertOlli VarisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e82714 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Miina Porkka Matti Kummu Stefan Siebert Olli Varis From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
description	Achieving global food security is one of the major challenges of the coming decades. In order to tackle future food security challenges we must understand the past. This study presents a historical analysis of global food availability, one of the key elements of food security. By calculating national level dietary energy supply and production for nine time steps during 1965-2005 we classify countries based on their food availability, food self-sufficiency and food trade. We also look at how diets have changed during this period with regard to supply of animal based calories. Our results show that food availability has increased substantially both in absolute and relative terms. The percentage of population living in countries with sufficient food supply (>2500 kcal/cap/d) has almost doubled from 33% in 1965 to 61% in 2005. The population living with critically low food supply (<2000 kcal/cap/d) has dropped from 52% to 3%. Largest improvements are seen in the MENA region, Latin America, China and Southeast Asia. Besides, the composition of diets has changed considerably within the study period: the world population living with high supply of animal source food (>15% of dietary energy supply) increased from 33% to over 50%. While food supply has increased globally, food self-sufficiency (domestic production>2500 kcal/cap/d) has not changed remarkably. In the beginning of the study period insufficient domestic production meant insufficient food supply, but in recent years the deficit has been increasingly compensated by rising food imports. This highlights the growing importance of food trade, either for food supply in importing countries or as a source of income for exporters. Our results provide a basis for understanding past global food system dynamics which, in turn, can benefit research on future food security.
format	article
author	Miina Porkka Matti Kummu Stefan Siebert Olli Varis
author_facet	Miina Porkka Matti Kummu Stefan Siebert Olli Varis
author_sort	Miina Porkka
title	From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
title_short	From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
title_full	From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
title_fullStr	From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
title_full_unstemmed	From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
title_sort	from food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/32ab26be5a314bce95a6db215f8dca3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT miinaporkka fromfoodinsufficiencytowardstradedependencyahistoricalanalysisofglobalfoodavailability AT mattikummu fromfoodinsufficiencytowardstradedependencyahistoricalanalysisofglobalfoodavailability AT stefansiebert fromfoodinsufficiencytowardstradedependencyahistoricalanalysisofglobalfoodavailability AT ollivaris fromfoodinsufficiencytowardstradedependencyahistoricalanalysisofglobalfoodavailability
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From food insufficiency towards trade dependency: a historical analysis of global food availability.

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