SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene.
The necrotrophic fungus Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple proteinaceous host-selective toxins (HSTs) which act in effector triggered susceptibility. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the SnTox3-encoding gene, designated SnTox3, as well as the initial chara...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2009
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oai:doaj.org-article:32cd29b75ead4faf9a514f02fbc692802021-11-25T05:47:38ZSnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000581https://doaj.org/article/32cd29b75ead4faf9a514f02fbc692802009-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19806176/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The necrotrophic fungus Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple proteinaceous host-selective toxins (HSTs) which act in effector triggered susceptibility. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the SnTox3-encoding gene, designated SnTox3, as well as the initial characterization of the SnTox3 protein. SnTox3 is a 693 bp intron-free gene with little obvious homology to other known genes. The predicted immature SnTox3 protein is 25.8 kDa in size. A 20 amino acid signal sequence as well as a possible pro sequence are predicted. Six cysteine residues are predicted to form disulfide bonds and are shown to be important for SnTox3 activity. Using heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and transformation into an avirulent S. nodorum isolate, we show that SnTox3 encodes the SnTox3 protein and that SnTox3 interacts with the wheat susceptibility gene Snn3. In addition, the avirulent S. nodorum isolate transformed with SnTox3 was virulent on host lines expressing the Snn3 gene. SnTox3-disrupted mutants were deficient in the production of SnTox3 and avirulent on the Snn3 differential wheat line BG220. An analysis of genetic diversity revealed that SnTox3 is present in 60.1% of a worldwide collection of 923 isolates and occurs as eleven nucleotide haplotypes resulting in four amino acid haplotypes. The cloning of SnTox3 provides a fundamental tool for the investigation of the S. nodorum-wheat interaction, as well as vital information for the general characterization of necrotroph-plant interactions.Zhaohui LiuJustin D FarisRichard P OliverKar-Chun TanPeter S SolomonMegan C McDonaldBruce A McDonaldAlberto NunezShunwen LuJack B RasmussenTimothy L FriesenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 5, Iss 9, p e1000581 (2009) |
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| topic |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
| spellingShingle |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Zhaohui Liu Justin D Faris Richard P Oliver Kar-Chun Tan Peter S Solomon Megan C McDonald Bruce A McDonald Alberto Nunez Shunwen Lu Jack B Rasmussen Timothy L Friesen SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene. |
| description |
The necrotrophic fungus Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple proteinaceous host-selective toxins (HSTs) which act in effector triggered susceptibility. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the SnTox3-encoding gene, designated SnTox3, as well as the initial characterization of the SnTox3 protein. SnTox3 is a 693 bp intron-free gene with little obvious homology to other known genes. The predicted immature SnTox3 protein is 25.8 kDa in size. A 20 amino acid signal sequence as well as a possible pro sequence are predicted. Six cysteine residues are predicted to form disulfide bonds and are shown to be important for SnTox3 activity. Using heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and transformation into an avirulent S. nodorum isolate, we show that SnTox3 encodes the SnTox3 protein and that SnTox3 interacts with the wheat susceptibility gene Snn3. In addition, the avirulent S. nodorum isolate transformed with SnTox3 was virulent on host lines expressing the Snn3 gene. SnTox3-disrupted mutants were deficient in the production of SnTox3 and avirulent on the Snn3 differential wheat line BG220. An analysis of genetic diversity revealed that SnTox3 is present in 60.1% of a worldwide collection of 923 isolates and occurs as eleven nucleotide haplotypes resulting in four amino acid haplotypes. The cloning of SnTox3 provides a fundamental tool for the investigation of the S. nodorum-wheat interaction, as well as vital information for the general characterization of necrotroph-plant interactions. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Zhaohui Liu Justin D Faris Richard P Oliver Kar-Chun Tan Peter S Solomon Megan C McDonald Bruce A McDonald Alberto Nunez Shunwen Lu Jack B Rasmussen Timothy L Friesen |
| author_facet |
Zhaohui Liu Justin D Faris Richard P Oliver Kar-Chun Tan Peter S Solomon Megan C McDonald Bruce A McDonald Alberto Nunez Shunwen Lu Jack B Rasmussen Timothy L Friesen |
| author_sort |
Zhaohui Liu |
| title |
SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene. |
| title_short |
SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene. |
| title_full |
SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene. |
| title_fullStr |
SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
SnTox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the Snn3 gene. |
| title_sort |
sntox3 acts in effector triggered susceptibility to induce disease on wheat carrying the snn3 gene. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/32cd29b75ead4faf9a514f02fbc69280 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718414451172966400 |