Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats

ABSTRACT Freshwater iron mats are dynamic geochemical environments with broad ecological diversity, primarily formed by the iron-oxidizing bacteria. The community features functional groups involved in biogeochemical cycles for iron, sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen. Despite this complexity, iron mat co...

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Autores principales:	Chequita N. Brooks, Erin K. Field
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	freshwater iron mat iron-oxidizing bacteria microbial ecology microbial interactions Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/32f0bdf1a23d41fba044e431d4525671
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:32f0bdf1a23d41fba044e431d45256712021-11-15T15:55:44ZIron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats10.1128/mBio.02720-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/32f0bdf1a23d41fba044e431d45256712020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02720-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Freshwater iron mats are dynamic geochemical environments with broad ecological diversity, primarily formed by the iron-oxidizing bacteria. The community features functional groups involved in biogeochemical cycles for iron, sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen. Despite this complexity, iron mat communities provide an excellent model system for exploring microbial ecological interactions and ecological theories in situ. Syntrophies and competition between the functional groups in iron mats, how they connect cycles, and the maintenance of these communities by taxons outside bacteria (the eukaryota, archaea, and viruses) have been largely unstudied. Here, we review what is currently known about freshwater iron mat communities, the taxa that reside there, and the interactions between these organisms, and we propose ways in which future studies may uncover exciting new discoveries. For example, the archaea in these mats may play a greater role than previously thought as they are diverse and widespread in iron mats based on 16S rRNA genes and include methanogenic taxa. Studies with a holistic view of the iron mat community members focusing on their diverse interactions will expand our understanding of community functions, such as those involved in pollution removal. To begin addressing questions regarding the fundamental interactions and to identify the conditions in which they occur, more laboratory culturing techniques and coculture studies, more network and keystone species analyses, and the expansion of studies to more freshwater iron mat systems are necessary. Increasingly accessible bioinformatic, geochemical, and culturing tools now open avenues to address the questions that we pose herein.Chequita N. BrooksErin K. FieldAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlefreshwateriron matiron-oxidizing bacteriamicrobial ecologymicrobial interactionsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	freshwater iron mat iron-oxidizing bacteria microbial ecology microbial interactions Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	freshwater iron mat iron-oxidizing bacteria microbial ecology microbial interactions Microbiology QR1-502 Chequita N. Brooks Erin K. Field Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats
description	ABSTRACT Freshwater iron mats are dynamic geochemical environments with broad ecological diversity, primarily formed by the iron-oxidizing bacteria. The community features functional groups involved in biogeochemical cycles for iron, sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen. Despite this complexity, iron mat communities provide an excellent model system for exploring microbial ecological interactions and ecological theories in situ. Syntrophies and competition between the functional groups in iron mats, how they connect cycles, and the maintenance of these communities by taxons outside bacteria (the eukaryota, archaea, and viruses) have been largely unstudied. Here, we review what is currently known about freshwater iron mat communities, the taxa that reside there, and the interactions between these organisms, and we propose ways in which future studies may uncover exciting new discoveries. For example, the archaea in these mats may play a greater role than previously thought as they are diverse and widespread in iron mats based on 16S rRNA genes and include methanogenic taxa. Studies with a holistic view of the iron mat community members focusing on their diverse interactions will expand our understanding of community functions, such as those involved in pollution removal. To begin addressing questions regarding the fundamental interactions and to identify the conditions in which they occur, more laboratory culturing techniques and coculture studies, more network and keystone species analyses, and the expansion of studies to more freshwater iron mat systems are necessary. Increasingly accessible bioinformatic, geochemical, and culturing tools now open avenues to address the questions that we pose herein.
format	article
author	Chequita N. Brooks Erin K. Field
author_facet	Chequita N. Brooks Erin K. Field
author_sort	Chequita N. Brooks
title	Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats
title_short	Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats
title_full	Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats
title_fullStr	Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats
title_full_unstemmed	Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats
title_sort	iron flocs and the three domains: microbial interactions in freshwater iron mats
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/32f0bdf1a23d41fba044e431d4525671
work_keys_str_mv	AT chequitanbrooks ironflocsandthethreedomainsmicrobialinteractionsinfreshwaterironmats AT erinkfield ironflocsandthethreedomainsmicrobialinteractionsinfreshwaterironmats
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Iron Flocs and the Three Domains: Microbial Interactions in Freshwater Iron Mats

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