Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense.
Many plants and animals are defended from predation or herbivory by inhibitory secondary metabolites, which in the marine environment are very common among sessile organisms. Among bacteria, where there is the greatest metabolic potential, little is known about chemical defenses against bacterivorou...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2008
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oai:doaj.org-article:330095fffd0440f6be704ab7ce10da742021-11-25T06:11:32ZMarine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002744https://doaj.org/article/330095fffd0440f6be704ab7ce10da742008-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18648491/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Many plants and animals are defended from predation or herbivory by inhibitory secondary metabolites, which in the marine environment are very common among sessile organisms. Among bacteria, where there is the greatest metabolic potential, little is known about chemical defenses against bacterivorous consumers. An emerging hypothesis is that sessile bacterial communities organized as biofilms serve as bacterial refuge from predation. By testing growth and survival of two common bacterivorous nanoflagellates, we find evidence that chemically mediated resistance against protozoan predators is common among biofilm populations in a diverse set of marine bacteria. Using bioassay-guided chemical and genetic analysis, we identified one of the most effective antiprotozoal compounds as violacein, an alkaloid that we demonstrate is produced predominately within biofilm cells. Nanomolar concentrations of violacein inhibit protozoan feeding by inducing a conserved eukaryotic cell death program. Such biofilm-specific chemical defenses could contribute to the successful persistence of biofilm bacteria in various environments and provide the ecological and evolutionary context for a number of eukaryote-targeting bacterial metabolites.Carsten MatzJeremy S WebbPeter J SchuppShui Yen PhangAnahit PenesyanSuhelen EganPeter SteinbergStaffan KjellebergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 7, p e2744 (2008) |
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DOAJ |
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| topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Carsten Matz Jeremy S Webb Peter J Schupp Shui Yen Phang Anahit Penesyan Suhelen Egan Peter Steinberg Staffan Kjelleberg Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| description |
Many plants and animals are defended from predation or herbivory by inhibitory secondary metabolites, which in the marine environment are very common among sessile organisms. Among bacteria, where there is the greatest metabolic potential, little is known about chemical defenses against bacterivorous consumers. An emerging hypothesis is that sessile bacterial communities organized as biofilms serve as bacterial refuge from predation. By testing growth and survival of two common bacterivorous nanoflagellates, we find evidence that chemically mediated resistance against protozoan predators is common among biofilm populations in a diverse set of marine bacteria. Using bioassay-guided chemical and genetic analysis, we identified one of the most effective antiprotozoal compounds as violacein, an alkaloid that we demonstrate is produced predominately within biofilm cells. Nanomolar concentrations of violacein inhibit protozoan feeding by inducing a conserved eukaryotic cell death program. Such biofilm-specific chemical defenses could contribute to the successful persistence of biofilm bacteria in various environments and provide the ecological and evolutionary context for a number of eukaryote-targeting bacterial metabolites. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Carsten Matz Jeremy S Webb Peter J Schupp Shui Yen Phang Anahit Penesyan Suhelen Egan Peter Steinberg Staffan Kjelleberg |
| author_facet |
Carsten Matz Jeremy S Webb Peter J Schupp Shui Yen Phang Anahit Penesyan Suhelen Egan Peter Steinberg Staffan Kjelleberg |
| author_sort |
Carsten Matz |
| title |
Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| title_short |
Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| title_full |
Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| title_fullStr |
Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| title_sort |
marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2008 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/330095fffd0440f6be704ab7ce10da74 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT carstenmatz marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT jeremyswebb marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT peterjschupp marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT shuiyenphang marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT anahitpenesyan marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT suhelenegan marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT petersteinberg marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense AT staffankjelleberg marinebiofilmbacteriaevadeeukaryoticpredationbytargetedchemicaldefense |
| _version_ |
1718414033544019968 |