Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature

In this work, the mill scale (MS) of hot rolling, a waste of steel processing, composed by a complex mixture of iron oxides, is transformed in a nanocrystalline powder containing only the hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase. For that, the MS was dry-milled using a high-energy ball mill for 30 min and heat-trea...

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Autores principales:	Kelli de Fátima Ulbrich, Carlos Eduardo Maduro de Campos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Mill scale Milling Iron oxides X-ray diffraction High-temperature Phase transition Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental engineering TA170-171
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3301adb0b078443da94573bf7ec8b152
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:3301adb0b078443da94573bf7ec8b152
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3301adb0b078443da94573bf7ec8b1522021-11-12T04:48:57ZObtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature2666-790810.1016/j.clet.2021.100327https://doaj.org/article/3301adb0b078443da94573bf7ec8b1522021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790821002871https://doaj.org/toc/2666-7908In this work, the mill scale (MS) of hot rolling, a waste of steel processing, composed by a complex mixture of iron oxides, is transformed in a nanocrystalline powder containing only the hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase. For that, the MS was dry-milled using a high-energy ball mill for 30 min and heat-treated up to 1200 °C for 25 min. The samples of this study were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. The milling process decreases the amount of FeO phase content (FeO:Fe3O4 phase ratio from 3:1 to 1:1), reduces the average crystallite size and increases the micro-strain of the iron oxides. The high-temperature experiments showed the complete transformation of the Fe3O4 and FeO nanophases to the nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 with average crystalline domains greater than 180 nm after few hours of heat treatment. The thermal expansion coefficient of the α-Fe2O3 nanophase was obtained considering anisotropic effects, mainly for the a-axis. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the oxidation of Fe3O4 to α-Fe2O3. The milled MS sample shows a mixed magnetism that transforms to a weak ferromagnetism (or antiferromagntism) after thermal treatment. The temperature of the Morin transition of the α-Fe2O3 nanophase at 110 K and a second magnetic transition at 50 K, related to a spin-glass state, seems to be strongly affected by the nanometric size of crystalline domains (about 180 nm).Kelli de Fátima UlbrichCarlos Eduardo Maduro de CamposElsevierarticleMill scaleMillingIron oxidesX-ray diffractionHigh-temperaturePhase transitionRenewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental engineeringTA170-171ENCleaner Engineering and Technology, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100327- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mill scale Milling Iron oxides X-ray diffraction High-temperature Phase transition Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental engineering TA170-171
spellingShingle	Mill scale Milling Iron oxides X-ray diffraction High-temperature Phase transition Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental engineering TA170-171 Kelli de Fátima Ulbrich Carlos Eduardo Maduro de Campos Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
description	In this work, the mill scale (MS) of hot rolling, a waste of steel processing, composed by a complex mixture of iron oxides, is transformed in a nanocrystalline powder containing only the hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase. For that, the MS was dry-milled using a high-energy ball mill for 30 min and heat-treated up to 1200 °C for 25 min. The samples of this study were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. The milling process decreases the amount of FeO phase content (FeO:Fe3O4 phase ratio from 3:1 to 1:1), reduces the average crystallite size and increases the micro-strain of the iron oxides. The high-temperature experiments showed the complete transformation of the Fe3O4 and FeO nanophases to the nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 with average crystalline domains greater than 180 nm after few hours of heat treatment. The thermal expansion coefficient of the α-Fe2O3 nanophase was obtained considering anisotropic effects, mainly for the a-axis. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the oxidation of Fe3O4 to α-Fe2O3. The milled MS sample shows a mixed magnetism that transforms to a weak ferromagnetism (or antiferromagntism) after thermal treatment. The temperature of the Morin transition of the α-Fe2O3 nanophase at 110 K and a second magnetic transition at 50 K, related to a spin-glass state, seems to be strongly affected by the nanometric size of crystalline domains (about 180 nm).
format	article
author	Kelli de Fátima Ulbrich Carlos Eduardo Maduro de Campos
author_facet	Kelli de Fátima Ulbrich Carlos Eduardo Maduro de Campos
author_sort	Kelli de Fátima Ulbrich
title	Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
title_short	Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
title_full	Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
title_fullStr	Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
title_full_unstemmed	Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
title_sort	obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3301adb0b078443da94573bf7ec8b152
work_keys_str_mv	AT kellidefatimaulbrich obtainingofhematitefromindustrialsteelwasteusingdrymillingandhightemperature AT carloseduardomadurodecampos obtainingofhematitefromindustrialsteelwasteusingdrymillingandhightemperature
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Obtaining of hematite from industrial steel waste using dry-milling and high temperature

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