Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction

This study investigates the out-of-phase change in the Siberian High (SH) between December and January (stronger than normal in December and weaker than normal in January, and vice versa). The results show that the monthly reversal frequency of the SH between December and January increases significa...

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Autores principales:	Hongqing Yang, Ke Fan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	November snow cover over Siberia phase reversal Siberian high troposphere-stratosphere interaction intraseasonal climate prediction Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/331856c2eba94a40baa8ae608c29dfb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:331856c2eba94a40baa8ae608c29dfb92021-11-08T12:33:02ZStrengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.748484https://doaj.org/article/331856c2eba94a40baa8ae608c29dfb92021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.748484/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463This study investigates the out-of-phase change in the Siberian High (SH) between December and January (stronger than normal in December and weaker than normal in January, and vice versa). The results show that the monthly reversal frequency of the SH between December and January increases significantly after 2000 from 30% (1981–2000) to 63% (2001-2019). Correspondingly, the influence of November snow cover over Siberia on the phase reversal of the SH has intensified after 2000. The reasons may be as follows. Higher snow depth over Siberia (SSD) in November corresponds to stronger diabatic cooling and increased snow accumulation over Siberia in November and December, which may strengthen the SH in December via the positive feedback of snow albedo. The dynamic mechanisms between the higher SSD in November and weaker SH in January are further investigated from the perspective of troposphere–stratosphere interaction. Such anomalously higher SSD with strong upward heat flux induces the upward-propagating wave activity flux in November and December over the Urals and Siberia, leading to a weaker and warmer stratospheric polar vortex in January. Subsequently, the anomalies of the stratospheric polar vortex signal propagate downwards, giving rise to a negative Arctic Oscillation–like structure in the troposphere and a weakening of the SH in January. This mechanism can be partly reproduced in CMIP6. Additionally, the variability of the September–October Arctic sea ice mainly leads to coherent variations of the SH in December and January via the eddy–mean flow interaction before 2000. Furthermore, the preceding November snow cover over Siberia enhances the intraseasonal prediction skill for the winter SH after 2000. Meanwhile, considering the previous November SSD, the prediction accuracy for the out-of-phase change in the SH between December and January increases from 16% (outputs of the NCEP’s Climate Forecast System, version 2) to 75%.Hongqing YangKe FanFrontiers Media S.A.articleNovember snow cover over Siberiaphase reversalSiberian hightroposphere-stratosphere interactionintraseasonal climate predictionScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	November snow cover over Siberia phase reversal Siberian high troposphere-stratosphere interaction intraseasonal climate prediction Science Q
spellingShingle	November snow cover over Siberia phase reversal Siberian high troposphere-stratosphere interaction intraseasonal climate prediction Science Q Hongqing Yang Ke Fan Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction
description	This study investigates the out-of-phase change in the Siberian High (SH) between December and January (stronger than normal in December and weaker than normal in January, and vice versa). The results show that the monthly reversal frequency of the SH between December and January increases significantly after 2000 from 30% (1981–2000) to 63% (2001-2019). Correspondingly, the influence of November snow cover over Siberia on the phase reversal of the SH has intensified after 2000. The reasons may be as follows. Higher snow depth over Siberia (SSD) in November corresponds to stronger diabatic cooling and increased snow accumulation over Siberia in November and December, which may strengthen the SH in December via the positive feedback of snow albedo. The dynamic mechanisms between the higher SSD in November and weaker SH in January are further investigated from the perspective of troposphere–stratosphere interaction. Such anomalously higher SSD with strong upward heat flux induces the upward-propagating wave activity flux in November and December over the Urals and Siberia, leading to a weaker and warmer stratospheric polar vortex in January. Subsequently, the anomalies of the stratospheric polar vortex signal propagate downwards, giving rise to a negative Arctic Oscillation–like structure in the troposphere and a weakening of the SH in January. This mechanism can be partly reproduced in CMIP6. Additionally, the variability of the September–October Arctic sea ice mainly leads to coherent variations of the SH in December and January via the eddy–mean flow interaction before 2000. Furthermore, the preceding November snow cover over Siberia enhances the intraseasonal prediction skill for the winter SH after 2000. Meanwhile, considering the previous November SSD, the prediction accuracy for the out-of-phase change in the SH between December and January increases from 16% (outputs of the NCEP’s Climate Forecast System, version 2) to 75%.
format	article
author	Hongqing Yang Ke Fan
author_facet	Hongqing Yang Ke Fan
author_sort	Hongqing Yang
title	Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction
title_short	Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction
title_full	Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction
title_fullStr	Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction
title_full_unstemmed	Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction
title_sort	strengthened impacts of november snow cover over siberia on the out-of-phase change in the siberian high between december and january since 2000 and implication for intraseasonal climate prediction
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/331856c2eba94a40baa8ae608c29dfb9
work_keys_str_mv	AT hongqingyang strengthenedimpactsofnovembersnowcoveroversiberiaontheoutofphasechangeinthesiberianhighbetweendecemberandjanuarysince2000andimplicationforintraseasonalclimateprediction AT kefan strengthenedimpactsofnovembersnowcoveroversiberiaontheoutofphasechangeinthesiberianhighbetweendecemberandjanuarysince2000andimplicationforintraseasonalclimateprediction
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Strengthened Impacts of November Snow Cover Over Siberia on the Out-of-phase Change in the Siberian High Between December and January Since 2000 and Implication for Intraseasonal Climate Prediction

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