Observations on the Changing Shape of the Ice Mass and the Determination of the Sublimation End Point in Freeze-Drying: An Application for Through-Vial Impedance Spectroscopy (TVIS)

Models for ice sublimation from a freeze-drying vial rely on the assumption of a planar ice interface up to ~25% loss of ice mass (which is difficult to qualify) whereas single-vial determinations of the sublimation endpoint (by temperature sensors) are based on the point when the observed temperatu...

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Autores principales: Bhaskar Pandya, Geoff Smith, Irina Ermolina, Evgeny Polygalov
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/334a9891507a4d87abd29836de8879d7
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