Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes

Zinc electrowinning is an energy-intensive step of hydrometallurgical zinc production in which ohmic drop contributes the second highest overpotential in the process. As the ohmic drop is a result of electrolyte conductivity, three conductivity models (<i>Aalto-I</i>, <i>Aalto-II&l...

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Autores principales:	Zulin Wang, Arif Tirto Aji, Benjamin Paul Wilson, Steinar Jørstad, Maria Møll, Mari Lundström
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	zinc electrowinning conductivity model energy consumption industrial validation Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3363ae63abfd44a7a7d071d781cd1581
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3363ae63abfd44a7a7d071d781cd15812021-11-25T18:22:13ZModelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes10.3390/met111118242075-4701https://doaj.org/article/3363ae63abfd44a7a7d071d781cd15812021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1824https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701Zinc electrowinning is an energy-intensive step of hydrometallurgical zinc production in which ohmic drop contributes the second highest overpotential in the process. As the ohmic drop is a result of electrolyte conductivity, three conductivity models (<i>Aalto-I</i>, <i>Aalto-II</i> and <i>Aalto-III</i>) were formulated in this study based on the synthetic industrial electrolyte conditions of Zn (50–70 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (150–200 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), Mn (0–8 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), Mg (0–4 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), and temperature, <i>T</i> (30–40 °C). These studies indicate that electrolyte conductivity increases with temperature and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration, whereas metal ions have negative effects on conductivity. In addition, the interaction effects of temperature and the concentrations of metal ions on solution conductivity were tested by comparing the performance of the linear model (<i>Aalto-I</i>) and interrelated models (<i>Aalto-II</i> and <i>Aalto-III</i>) to determine their significance in the electrowinning process. Statistical analysis shows that <i>Aalto-I</i> has the highest accuracy of all the models developed and investigated in this study. From the industrial validation, <i>Aalto-I</i> also demonstrates a high level of correlation in comparison to the other models presented in this study. Further comparison of model <i>Aalto-I</i> with the existing published models from previous studies shows that model <i>Aalto-I</i> substantially improves the accuracy of the zinc conductivity empirical model.Zulin WangArif Tirto AjiBenjamin Paul WilsonSteinar JørstadMaria MøllMari LundströmMDPI AGarticlezinc electrowinningconductivity modelenergy consumptionindustrial validationMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1824, p 1824 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	zinc electrowinning conductivity model energy consumption industrial validation Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	zinc electrowinning conductivity model energy consumption industrial validation Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Zulin Wang Arif Tirto Aji Benjamin Paul Wilson Steinar Jørstad Maria Møll Mari Lundström Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
description	Zinc electrowinning is an energy-intensive step of hydrometallurgical zinc production in which ohmic drop contributes the second highest overpotential in the process. As the ohmic drop is a result of electrolyte conductivity, three conductivity models (<i>Aalto-I</i>, <i>Aalto-II</i> and <i>Aalto-III</i>) were formulated in this study based on the synthetic industrial electrolyte conditions of Zn (50–70 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (150–200 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), Mn (0–8 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), Mg (0–4 g/dm<sup>3</sup>), and temperature, <i>T</i> (30–40 °C). These studies indicate that electrolyte conductivity increases with temperature and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration, whereas metal ions have negative effects on conductivity. In addition, the interaction effects of temperature and the concentrations of metal ions on solution conductivity were tested by comparing the performance of the linear model (<i>Aalto-I</i>) and interrelated models (<i>Aalto-II</i> and <i>Aalto-III</i>) to determine their significance in the electrowinning process. Statistical analysis shows that <i>Aalto-I</i> has the highest accuracy of all the models developed and investigated in this study. From the industrial validation, <i>Aalto-I</i> also demonstrates a high level of correlation in comparison to the other models presented in this study. Further comparison of model <i>Aalto-I</i> with the existing published models from previous studies shows that model <i>Aalto-I</i> substantially improves the accuracy of the zinc conductivity empirical model.
format	article
author	Zulin Wang Arif Tirto Aji Benjamin Paul Wilson Steinar Jørstad Maria Møll Mari Lundström
author_facet	Zulin Wang Arif Tirto Aji Benjamin Paul Wilson Steinar Jørstad Maria Møll Mari Lundström
author_sort	Zulin Wang
title	Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
title_short	Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
title_full	Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
title_fullStr	Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
title_full_unstemmed	Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
title_sort	modelling the effect of solution composition and temperature on the conductivity of zinc electrowinning electrolytes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3363ae63abfd44a7a7d071d781cd1581
work_keys_str_mv	AT zulinwang modellingtheeffectofsolutioncompositionandtemperatureontheconductivityofzincelectrowinningelectrolytes AT ariftirtoaji modellingtheeffectofsolutioncompositionandtemperatureontheconductivityofzincelectrowinningelectrolytes AT benjaminpaulwilson modellingtheeffectofsolutioncompositionandtemperatureontheconductivityofzincelectrowinningelectrolytes AT steinarjørstad modellingtheeffectofsolutioncompositionandtemperatureontheconductivityofzincelectrowinningelectrolytes AT mariamøll modellingtheeffectofsolutioncompositionandtemperatureontheconductivityofzincelectrowinningelectrolytes AT marilundstrom modellingtheeffectofsolutioncompositionandtemperatureontheconductivityofzincelectrowinningelectrolytes
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Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes

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