Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes

Abstract Background The alarming trend of paediatric obesity deserves our greatest awareness to hinder the early onset of metabolic complications impacting growth and functionality. Presently, insight into molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities is limited. M...

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Autores principales:	Margot De Spiegeleer, Ellen De Paepe, Lieven Van Meulebroek, Inge Gies, Jean De Schepper, Lynn Vanhaecke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Metabolomics Lipidomics Childhood obesity Metabolic disease Diabetes Impaired glucose tolerance Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Biochemistry QD415-436
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/33b7d44236af4b14b43acc0204bbfdf6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:33b7d44236af4b14b43acc0204bbfdf62021-11-07T12:19:22ZPaediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes10.1186/s10020-021-00394-01076-15511528-3658https://doaj.org/article/33b7d44236af4b14b43acc0204bbfdf62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-021-00394-0https://doaj.org/toc/1076-1551https://doaj.org/toc/1528-3658Abstract Background The alarming trend of paediatric obesity deserves our greatest awareness to hinder the early onset of metabolic complications impacting growth and functionality. Presently, insight into molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities is limited. Main body of the abstract This systematic review aimed at scrutinising what has been reported on putative metabolites distinctive for metabolic abnormalities manifesting at young age by searching three literature databases (Web of Science, Pubmed and EMBASE) during the last 6 years (January 2015–January 2021). Global metabolomic profiling of paediatric obesity was performed (multiple biological matrices: blood, urine, saliva and adipose tissue) to enable overarching pathway analysis and network mapping. Among 2792 screened Q1 articles, 40 met the eligibility criteria and were included to build a database on metabolite markers involved in the spectrum of childhood obesity. Differential alterations in multiple pathways linked to lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were observed. High levels of lactate, pyruvate, alanine and acetate marked a pronounced shift towards hypoxic conditions in children with obesity, and, together with distinct alterations in lipid metabolism, pointed towards dysbiosis and immunometabolism occurring early in life. Additionally, aberrant levels of several amino acids, most notably belonging to tryptophan metabolism including the kynurenine pathway and its relation to histidine, phenylalanine and purine metabolism were displayed. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids were linked to lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and microbial metabolism, inferring a key role in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Conclusions This systematic review revealed that the main metabolites at the crossroad of dysregulated metabolic pathways underlying childhood obesity could be tracked down to one central disturbance, i.e. impending insulin resistance for which reference values and standardised measures still are lacking. In essence, glycolytic metabolism was evinced as driving energy source, coupled to impaired Krebs cycle flux and ß-oxidation. Applying metabolomics enabled to retrieve distinct metabolite alterations in childhood obesity(-related insulin resistance) and associated pathways at early age and thus could provide a timely indication of risk by elucidating early-stage biomarkers as hallmarks of future metabolically unhealthy phenotypes.Margot De SpiegeleerEllen De PaepeLieven Van MeulebroekInge GiesJean De SchepperLynn VanhaeckeBMCarticleMetabolomicsLipidomicsChildhood obesityMetabolic diseaseDiabetesImpaired glucose toleranceTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950BiochemistryQD415-436ENMolecular Medicine, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Metabolomics Lipidomics Childhood obesity Metabolic disease Diabetes Impaired glucose tolerance Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Biochemistry QD415-436
spellingShingle	Metabolomics Lipidomics Childhood obesity Metabolic disease Diabetes Impaired glucose tolerance Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Biochemistry QD415-436 Margot De Spiegeleer Ellen De Paepe Lieven Van Meulebroek Inge Gies Jean De Schepper Lynn Vanhaecke Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
description	Abstract Background The alarming trend of paediatric obesity deserves our greatest awareness to hinder the early onset of metabolic complications impacting growth and functionality. Presently, insight into molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities is limited. Main body of the abstract This systematic review aimed at scrutinising what has been reported on putative metabolites distinctive for metabolic abnormalities manifesting at young age by searching three literature databases (Web of Science, Pubmed and EMBASE) during the last 6 years (January 2015–January 2021). Global metabolomic profiling of paediatric obesity was performed (multiple biological matrices: blood, urine, saliva and adipose tissue) to enable overarching pathway analysis and network mapping. Among 2792 screened Q1 articles, 40 met the eligibility criteria and were included to build a database on metabolite markers involved in the spectrum of childhood obesity. Differential alterations in multiple pathways linked to lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were observed. High levels of lactate, pyruvate, alanine and acetate marked a pronounced shift towards hypoxic conditions in children with obesity, and, together with distinct alterations in lipid metabolism, pointed towards dysbiosis and immunometabolism occurring early in life. Additionally, aberrant levels of several amino acids, most notably belonging to tryptophan metabolism including the kynurenine pathway and its relation to histidine, phenylalanine and purine metabolism were displayed. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids were linked to lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and microbial metabolism, inferring a key role in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Conclusions This systematic review revealed that the main metabolites at the crossroad of dysregulated metabolic pathways underlying childhood obesity could be tracked down to one central disturbance, i.e. impending insulin resistance for which reference values and standardised measures still are lacking. In essence, glycolytic metabolism was evinced as driving energy source, coupled to impaired Krebs cycle flux and ß-oxidation. Applying metabolomics enabled to retrieve distinct metabolite alterations in childhood obesity(-related insulin resistance) and associated pathways at early age and thus could provide a timely indication of risk by elucidating early-stage biomarkers as hallmarks of future metabolically unhealthy phenotypes.
format	article
author	Margot De Spiegeleer Ellen De Paepe Lieven Van Meulebroek Inge Gies Jean De Schepper Lynn Vanhaecke
author_facet	Margot De Spiegeleer Ellen De Paepe Lieven Van Meulebroek Inge Gies Jean De Schepper Lynn Vanhaecke
author_sort	Margot De Spiegeleer
title	Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
title_short	Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
title_full	Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
title_fullStr	Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
title_full_unstemmed	Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
title_sort	paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/33b7d44236af4b14b43acc0204bbfdf6
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Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes

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