Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with Diaphorina citri

Nowadays, citrus greening or Huanglongbing is considered the most destructive disease in the citrus industry worldwide. In the Americas and Asia, the disease is caused by the putative pathogen, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and transmitted by the psyllid vector, Dia...

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Autores principales:	Shelley E. Jones, Nabil Killiny
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	volatile organic compounds rootstock scion citrus infestation <i>Diaphorina</i> <i>citri</i> Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/33bbe78a1e074713b99d00048f72f993
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:33bbe78a1e074713b99d00048f72f9932021-11-25T18:46:28ZInfluence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>10.3390/plants101124222223-7747https://doaj.org/article/33bbe78a1e074713b99d00048f72f9932021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2422https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Nowadays, citrus greening or Huanglongbing is considered the most destructive disease in the citrus industry worldwide. In the Americas and Asia, the disease is caused by the putative pathogen, ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus’ and transmitted by the psyllid vector, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>. It has been shown that volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are released from citrus leaves attract the psyllid vector. Herein, we tested whether the rootstock influenced the stored VOC profile in the scion leaves and if these influences were altered after infestation with <i>D. citri</i>. The VOC profiles of the hexane-extracted leaves of the mandarin hybrid ‘Sugar Belle’ that were grafted on three different rootstocks (C-35, sour orange (SO), and US-897) with and without infestation with <i>D. citri</i> were studied. The GC-MS analysis showed that the scion VOC profiles of the non-infested control trees were similar to each other, and rootstock was not a strong influence. However, after one month of infestation with <i>D. citri</i>, clear differences in the scion VOC profiles appeared that were rootstock dependent. Although the total scion leaf VOC content did not differ between the three rootstocks, the infestation increased scion monoterpenes significantly on US-897 and C-35 rootstock, increased terpene alcohols on US-897 and SO rootstock, and increased sesquiterpenes on SO. Infestation with <i>D. citri</i> significantly reduced fatty acids and fatty acid esters across all of the rootstocks. Therefore, our results suggest that rootstock choice could influence scions with an inducible volatile defense by enhancing the amounts of VOCs that are available for repelling vectors or for signaling to their natural enemies or parasitoids. According to this study, US-897 may be the best choice among the three that were studied herein, due to its diverse and robust VOC defense response to infestation with <i>D. citri</i>.Shelley E. JonesNabil KillinyMDPI AGarticlevolatile organic compoundsrootstockscioncitrusinfestation<i>Diaphorina</i> <i>citri</i>BotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2422, p 2422 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	volatile organic compounds rootstock scion citrus infestation <i>Diaphorina</i> <i>citri</i> Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	volatile organic compounds rootstock scion citrus infestation <i>Diaphorina</i> <i>citri</i> Botany QK1-989 Shelley E. Jones Nabil Killiny Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>
description	Nowadays, citrus greening or Huanglongbing is considered the most destructive disease in the citrus industry worldwide. In the Americas and Asia, the disease is caused by the putative pathogen, ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus’ and transmitted by the psyllid vector, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>. It has been shown that volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are released from citrus leaves attract the psyllid vector. Herein, we tested whether the rootstock influenced the stored VOC profile in the scion leaves and if these influences were altered after infestation with <i>D. citri</i>. The VOC profiles of the hexane-extracted leaves of the mandarin hybrid ‘Sugar Belle’ that were grafted on three different rootstocks (C-35, sour orange (SO), and US-897) with and without infestation with <i>D. citri</i> were studied. The GC-MS analysis showed that the scion VOC profiles of the non-infested control trees were similar to each other, and rootstock was not a strong influence. However, after one month of infestation with <i>D. citri</i>, clear differences in the scion VOC profiles appeared that were rootstock dependent. Although the total scion leaf VOC content did not differ between the three rootstocks, the infestation increased scion monoterpenes significantly on US-897 and C-35 rootstock, increased terpene alcohols on US-897 and SO rootstock, and increased sesquiterpenes on SO. Infestation with <i>D. citri</i> significantly reduced fatty acids and fatty acid esters across all of the rootstocks. Therefore, our results suggest that rootstock choice could influence scions with an inducible volatile defense by enhancing the amounts of VOCs that are available for repelling vectors or for signaling to their natural enemies or parasitoids. According to this study, US-897 may be the best choice among the three that were studied herein, due to its diverse and robust VOC defense response to infestation with <i>D. citri</i>.
format	article
author	Shelley E. Jones Nabil Killiny
author_facet	Shelley E. Jones Nabil Killiny
author_sort	Shelley E. Jones
title	Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>
title_short	Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>
title_full	Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>
title_fullStr	Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>
title_sort	influence of rootstock on the leaf volatile organic compounds of citrus scion is more pronounced after the infestation with <i>diaphorina citri</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/33bbe78a1e074713b99d00048f72f993
work_keys_str_mv	AT shelleyejones influenceofrootstockontheleafvolatileorganiccompoundsofcitrusscionismorepronouncedaftertheinfestationwithidiaphorinacitrii AT nabilkilliny influenceofrootstockontheleafvolatileorganiccompoundsofcitrusscionismorepronouncedaftertheinfestationwithidiaphorinacitrii
_version_	1718410704114941952

Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with <i>Diaphorina citri</i>

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