Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels

Abstract Materials can be made strong, but as such they are often brittle and prone to fracture when under stress. Inspired by the exceptionally strong and ductile structure of byssal threads found in certain mussels, we have designed and manufactured a multi-hierarchical steel, based on an inexpens...

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Autores principales:	Shan Cecilia Cao, Jiabin Liu, Linli Zhu, Ling Li, Ming Dao, Jian Lu, Robert O. Ritchie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/33f3bed9c9a84985bcd5d2f2d2f79fe2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:33f3bed9c9a84985bcd5d2f2d2f79fe22021-12-02T15:09:01ZNature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels10.1038/s41598-018-23358-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/33f3bed9c9a84985bcd5d2f2d2f79fe22018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23358-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Materials can be made strong, but as such they are often brittle and prone to fracture when under stress. Inspired by the exceptionally strong and ductile structure of byssal threads found in certain mussels, we have designed and manufactured a multi-hierarchical steel, based on an inexpensive austenitic stainless steel, which defeats this “conflict” by possessing both superior strength and ductility. These excellent mechanical properties are realized by structurally introducing sandwich structures at both the macro- and nano-scales, the latter via an isometric, alternating, dual-phase crystal phases comprising nano-band austenite and nano-lamellar martensite, without change in chemical composition. Our experiments (transmission and scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, nano-indentation and tensile tests) and micromechanics simulation results reveal a synergy of mechanisms underlying such exceptional properties. This synergy is key to the development of vastly superior mechanical properties, and may provide a unique strategy for the future development of new super strong and tough (damage-tolerant), lightweight and inexpensive structural materials.Shan Cecilia CaoJiabin LiuLinli ZhuLing LiMing DaoJian LuRobert O. RitchieNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shan Cecilia Cao Jiabin Liu Linli Zhu Ling Li Ming Dao Jian Lu Robert O. Ritchie Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels
description	Abstract Materials can be made strong, but as such they are often brittle and prone to fracture when under stress. Inspired by the exceptionally strong and ductile structure of byssal threads found in certain mussels, we have designed and manufactured a multi-hierarchical steel, based on an inexpensive austenitic stainless steel, which defeats this “conflict” by possessing both superior strength and ductility. These excellent mechanical properties are realized by structurally introducing sandwich structures at both the macro- and nano-scales, the latter via an isometric, alternating, dual-phase crystal phases comprising nano-band austenite and nano-lamellar martensite, without change in chemical composition. Our experiments (transmission and scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, nano-indentation and tensile tests) and micromechanics simulation results reveal a synergy of mechanisms underlying such exceptional properties. This synergy is key to the development of vastly superior mechanical properties, and may provide a unique strategy for the future development of new super strong and tough (damage-tolerant), lightweight and inexpensive structural materials.
format	article
author	Shan Cecilia Cao Jiabin Liu Linli Zhu Ling Li Ming Dao Jian Lu Robert O. Ritchie
author_facet	Shan Cecilia Cao Jiabin Liu Linli Zhu Ling Li Ming Dao Jian Lu Robert O. Ritchie
author_sort	Shan Cecilia Cao
title	Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels
title_short	Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels
title_full	Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels
title_fullStr	Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels
title_full_unstemmed	Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels
title_sort	nature-inspired hierarchical steels
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/33f3bed9c9a84985bcd5d2f2d2f79fe2
work_keys_str_mv	AT shanceciliacao natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels AT jiabinliu natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels AT linlizhu natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels AT lingli natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels AT mingdao natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels AT jianlu natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels AT robertoritchie natureinspiredhierarchicalsteels
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Nature-Inspired Hierarchical Steels

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