Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance

Introduction: Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation are two major problems faced by the world. Today fossil fuels take up to 80% of the primary energy consumed in the world, of which 58% is consumed by the transport sector alone (Mard et al., 2012). The combustion products cause gl...

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Autores principales:	M Bavafa, M Tabasizadeh, A Farzad, B Ghobadian, H Eshghi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FA
Publicado:	Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 2016
Materias:	biodiesel engine performance poultry fat transesterification Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/33f83b551c3d4cd8a3f983709c7f317c
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:33f83b551c3d4cd8a3f983709c7f317c
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FA
topic	biodiesel engine performance poultry fat transesterification Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	biodiesel engine performance poultry fat transesterification Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 M Bavafa M Tabasizadeh A Farzad B Ghobadian H Eshghi Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
description	Introduction: Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation are two major problems faced by the world. Today fossil fuels take up to 80% of the primary energy consumed in the world, of which 58% is consumed by the transport sector alone (Mard et al., 2012). The combustion products cause global warming, which is caused of emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Thus it is essential that low emission alternative fuels to be developed for useing in diesel engines. Many researchers have concluded that biodiesel holds promise as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel is oxygenated, biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly (Qi et al., 2010). Materials and Methods: In this study transesterification method was used to produce biodiesel, because of its simplicity in biodiesel production process and holding the highest conversion efficiency. Transesterification of poultry fat oil and the properties of the fuels: Fatty acid methyl ester of poultry fat oil was prepared by transesterification of oil with methanol in the presence of KOH as catalyst. The fuel properties of poultry fat oil methyl ester and diesel fuel were determined. These properties are presented in Table 1. Tests of engine performance and emissions: After securing the qualitative characteristics of produced biodiesel, different biodiesel fuels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% blended with diesel fuel were prepared. A schematic diagram of the engine setup is shown in Fig.1. The MF-399 tractor engine was used in the tests. The basic specifications of the engine are shown in Table 3. The engine was loaded with an electromagnetic dynamometer. The Σ5 model dynamometer manufactured by NJ-FROMENT was used to measure the power and the torque of the tractor engine. The speed range and capacity of this device are shown in Table 2. A FTO Flow Meter, manufactured by American FLOWTECH Company, was used to measure the fuel consumption (Fig.3). Its measuring range is 37-1537 ml min-1. Results and Discussion: The engine performance was evaluated in terms of engine power, engine torque and specific fuel consumption at different engine speeds. The variation of engine torques with B5, B10, B15, B20 and diesel fuel are presented in Fig. 4. The engine torque for biodiesel blends was more than that by diesel fuel only. The mean engine torques for B5, B10, B15 and B20 were 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, and 3.5% higher than that by only diesel, respectively. This is due to the better combustion of biodiesel compared to diesel fuel. The variation of engine powers with B5, B10, B15, B20 and diesel fuel are presented in Fig. 5. The engine powers for biodiesel blends were more than that by diesel fuel. The mean engine powers for B5, B10, B15 and B20 were higher than that by diesel by 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4%, respectively. This is because of good combustion of biodiesel resulted from higher oxygen content. The mean specific fuel consumptions for B5, B10, B15 and B20 were higher than diesel fuel about 4.1%, 7%, 8.8%, and 2%, respectively (Fig. 8). The density of biodiesel was higher than that of diesel fuel, which means the same fuel consumption on volume basis results in higher specific fuel consumption in case of biodiesel. Conclusions: The values of viscosity, density and flash point of poultry fat oil biodiesel were found to be closely matched with ASTM D-6751 standard specifications. Viscosity and density of biodiesel were found more than those for diesel. The calorific value of biodiesel was found to be lower than that of diesel. Poultry fat oil biodiesel cannot be used as a neat diesel fuel in cold weather conditions due to its relatively low cloud point. Preheating and lowering freezing point is required to eliminate this problem. The engine performance with poultry fat oil biodiesel and its blends are comparable with those of pure diesel fuel. Results indicated that B20 blend had the best performance and the lowest specific fuel consumption.
format	article
author	M Bavafa M Tabasizadeh A Farzad B Ghobadian H Eshghi
author_facet	M Bavafa M Tabasizadeh A Farzad B Ghobadian H Eshghi
author_sort	M Bavafa
title	Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
title_short	Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
title_full	Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
title_fullStr	Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
title_sort	effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance
publisher	Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/33f83b551c3d4cd8a3f983709c7f317c
work_keys_str_mv	AT mbavafa effectofpoultryfatoilbiodieselontractorengineperformance AT mtabasizadeh effectofpoultryfatoilbiodieselontractorengineperformance AT afarzad effectofpoultryfatoilbiodieselontractorengineperformance AT bghobadian effectofpoultryfatoilbiodieselontractorengineperformance AT heshghi effectofpoultryfatoilbiodieselontractorengineperformance
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:33f83b551c3d4cd8a3f983709c7f317c2021-11-14T06:33:19ZEffect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance2228-68292423-394310.22067/jam.v6i1.28488https://doaj.org/article/33f83b551c3d4cd8a3f983709c7f317c2016-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jame.um.ac.ir/article_29710_1d9a42897a706ce27f544618014ca129.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2228-6829https://doaj.org/toc/2423-3943Introduction: Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation are two major problems faced by the world. Today fossil fuels take up to 80% of the primary energy consumed in the world, of which 58% is consumed by the transport sector alone (Mard et al., 2012). The combustion products cause global warming, which is caused of emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Thus it is essential that low emission alternative fuels to be developed for useing in diesel engines. Many researchers have concluded that biodiesel holds promise as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel is oxygenated, biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly (Qi et al., 2010). Materials and Methods: In this study transesterification method was used to produce biodiesel, because of its simplicity in biodiesel production process and holding the highest conversion efficiency. Transesterification of poultry fat oil and the properties of the fuels: Fatty acid methyl ester of poultry fat oil was prepared by transesterification of oil with methanol in the presence of KOH as catalyst. The fuel properties of poultry fat oil methyl ester and diesel fuel were determined. These properties are presented in Table 1. Tests of engine performance and emissions: After securing the qualitative characteristics of produced biodiesel, different biodiesel fuels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% blended with diesel fuel were prepared. A schematic diagram of the engine setup is shown in Fig.1. The MF-399 tractor engine was used in the tests. The basic specifications of the engine are shown in Table 3. The engine was loaded with an electromagnetic dynamometer. The Σ5 model dynamometer manufactured by NJ-FROMENT was used to measure the power and the torque of the tractor engine. The speed range and capacity of this device are shown in Table 2. A FTO Flow Meter, manufactured by American FLOWTECH Company, was used to measure the fuel consumption (Fig.3). Its measuring range is 37-1537 ml min-1. Results and Discussion: The engine performance was evaluated in terms of engine power, engine torque and specific fuel consumption at different engine speeds. The variation of engine torques with B5, B10, B15, B20 and diesel fuel are presented in Fig. 4. The engine torque for biodiesel blends was more than that by diesel fuel only. The mean engine torques for B5, B10, B15 and B20 were 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, and 3.5% higher than that by only diesel, respectively. This is due to the better combustion of biodiesel compared to diesel fuel. The variation of engine powers with B5, B10, B15, B20 and diesel fuel are presented in Fig. 5. The engine powers for biodiesel blends were more than that by diesel fuel. The mean engine powers for B5, B10, B15 and B20 were higher than that by diesel by 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4%, respectively. This is because of good combustion of biodiesel resulted from higher oxygen content. The mean specific fuel consumptions for B5, B10, B15 and B20 were higher than diesel fuel about 4.1%, 7%, 8.8%, and 2%, respectively (Fig. 8). The density of biodiesel was higher than that of diesel fuel, which means the same fuel consumption on volume basis results in higher specific fuel consumption in case of biodiesel. Conclusions: The values of viscosity, density and flash point of poultry fat oil biodiesel were found to be closely matched with ASTM D-6751 standard specifications. Viscosity and density of biodiesel were found more than those for diesel. The calorific value of biodiesel was found to be lower than that of diesel. Poultry fat oil biodiesel cannot be used as a neat diesel fuel in cold weather conditions due to its relatively low cloud point. Preheating and lowering freezing point is required to eliminate this problem. The engine performance with poultry fat oil biodiesel and its blends are comparable with those of pure diesel fuel. Results indicated that B20 blend had the best performance and the lowest specific fuel consumption.M BavafaM TabasizadehA FarzadB GhobadianH EshghiFerdowsi University of Mashhadarticlebiodieselengineperformancepoultry fattransesterificationAgriculture (General)S1-972Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENFAJournal of Agricultural Machinery, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 14-24 (2016)

Effect of poultry fat oil biodiesel on tractor engine performance

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