Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review
The analysis of fetal heart rate variability has served as a scientific and diagnostic tool to quantify cardiac activity fluctuations, being good indicators of fetal well-being. Many mathematical analyses were proposed to evaluate fetal heart rate variability. We focused on non-linear analysis based...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:33fe7fd8c70f498f9588a2cab7bcd9022021-12-01T18:27:51ZNon-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.661226https://doaj.org/article/33fe7fd8c70f498f9588a2cab7bcd9022021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.661226/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XThe analysis of fetal heart rate variability has served as a scientific and diagnostic tool to quantify cardiac activity fluctuations, being good indicators of fetal well-being. Many mathematical analyses were proposed to evaluate fetal heart rate variability. We focused on non-linear analysis based on concepts of chaos, fractality, and complexity: entropies, compression, fractal analysis, and wavelets. These methods have been successfully applied in the signal processing phase and increase knowledge about cardiovascular dynamics in healthy and pathological fetuses. This review summarizes those methods and investigates how non-linear measures are related to each paper's research objectives. Of the 388 articles obtained in the PubMed/Medline database and of the 421 articles in the Web of Science database, 270 articles were included in the review after all exclusion criteria were applied. While approximate entropy is the most used method in classification papers, in signal processing, the most used non-linear method was Daubechies wavelets. The top five primary research objectives covered by the selected papers were detection of signal processing, hypoxia, maturation or gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal distress. This review shows that non-linear indices can be used to assess numerous prenatal conditions. However, they are not yet applied in clinical practice due to some critical concerns. Some studies show that the combination of several linear and non-linear indices would be ideal for improving the analysis of the fetus's well-being. Future studies should narrow the research question so a meta-analysis could be performed, probing the indices' performance.Maria RibeiroMaria RibeiroJoão Monteiro-SantosJoão Monteiro-SantosLuísa CastroLuísa CastroLuísa CastroLuís AntunesLuís AntunesCristina Costa-SantosCristina Costa-SantosAndreia TeixeiraAndreia TeixeiraAndreia TeixeiraTeresa S. HenriquesTeresa S. HenriquesFrontiers Media S.A.articlefetal heart ratenon-linear methodsentropydata compressionfractal analysiswavelet analysisMedicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021) |
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fetal heart rate non-linear methods entropy data compression fractal analysis wavelet analysis Medicine (General) R5-920 |
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fetal heart rate non-linear methods entropy data compression fractal analysis wavelet analysis Medicine (General) R5-920 Maria Ribeiro Maria Ribeiro João Monteiro-Santos João Monteiro-Santos Luísa Castro Luísa Castro Luísa Castro Luís Antunes Luís Antunes Cristina Costa-Santos Cristina Costa-Santos Andreia Teixeira Andreia Teixeira Andreia Teixeira Teresa S. Henriques Teresa S. Henriques Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review |
| description |
The analysis of fetal heart rate variability has served as a scientific and diagnostic tool to quantify cardiac activity fluctuations, being good indicators of fetal well-being. Many mathematical analyses were proposed to evaluate fetal heart rate variability. We focused on non-linear analysis based on concepts of chaos, fractality, and complexity: entropies, compression, fractal analysis, and wavelets. These methods have been successfully applied in the signal processing phase and increase knowledge about cardiovascular dynamics in healthy and pathological fetuses. This review summarizes those methods and investigates how non-linear measures are related to each paper's research objectives. Of the 388 articles obtained in the PubMed/Medline database and of the 421 articles in the Web of Science database, 270 articles were included in the review after all exclusion criteria were applied. While approximate entropy is the most used method in classification papers, in signal processing, the most used non-linear method was Daubechies wavelets. The top five primary research objectives covered by the selected papers were detection of signal processing, hypoxia, maturation or gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal distress. This review shows that non-linear indices can be used to assess numerous prenatal conditions. However, they are not yet applied in clinical practice due to some critical concerns. Some studies show that the combination of several linear and non-linear indices would be ideal for improving the analysis of the fetus's well-being. Future studies should narrow the research question so a meta-analysis could be performed, probing the indices' performance. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Maria Ribeiro Maria Ribeiro João Monteiro-Santos João Monteiro-Santos Luísa Castro Luísa Castro Luísa Castro Luís Antunes Luís Antunes Cristina Costa-Santos Cristina Costa-Santos Andreia Teixeira Andreia Teixeira Andreia Teixeira Teresa S. Henriques Teresa S. Henriques |
| author_facet |
Maria Ribeiro Maria Ribeiro João Monteiro-Santos João Monteiro-Santos Luísa Castro Luísa Castro Luísa Castro Luís Antunes Luís Antunes Cristina Costa-Santos Cristina Costa-Santos Andreia Teixeira Andreia Teixeira Andreia Teixeira Teresa S. Henriques Teresa S. Henriques |
| author_sort |
Maria Ribeiro |
| title |
Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review |
| title_short |
Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full |
Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr |
Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Non-linear Methods Predominant in Fetal Heart Rate Analysis: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort |
non-linear methods predominant in fetal heart rate analysis: a systematic review |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/33fe7fd8c70f498f9588a2cab7bcd902 |
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