Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019

Abstract Provision of sterile syringes is an evidence-based strategy of reducing syringe sharing and reusing and yet, access to sterile syringes through pharmacies and syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in the United States remains inadequate. This nationally representative study examined associations...

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Autores principales:	Phillip L. Marotta, Kristi Stringer, Leo Beletsky, Brooke S. West, Dawn Goddard-Eckrich, Louisa Gilbert, Tim Hunt, Elwin Wu, Nabila El-Bassel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	People who inject drugs Syringe access Injection drug behavior Syringe exchange programs Pharmacy Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3404666c9ba04429a3d0d29ade06fbf5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3404666c9ba04429a3d0d29ade06fbf52021-11-21T12:27:18ZAssessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 201910.1186/s12954-021-00565-61477-7517https://doaj.org/article/3404666c9ba04429a3d0d29ade06fbf52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00565-6https://doaj.org/toc/1477-7517Abstract Provision of sterile syringes is an evidence-based strategy of reducing syringe sharing and reusing and yet, access to sterile syringes through pharmacies and syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in the United States remains inadequate. This nationally representative study examined associations between obtaining syringes from pharmacies, SEPs, and sterilizing syringes with bleach and risk of syringe borrowing, lending and reusing syringes in a pooled cross-sectional dataset of 1737 PWID from the 2002–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression was used to produce odds ratios (OR) of the odds of injection drug behaviors after adjusting for obtaining syringes from SEPs, pharmacies, the street, and other sources and potential confounders of race, ethnicity, sex, education, and insurance coverage. Obtaining syringes through SEPs was associated with lower odds of borrowing (OR = .4, CI95% = .2, .9, p = .022) and reusing syringes (OR = .3, CI95% = .2, .6, < .001) compared to obtaining syringes on the street. Obtaining syringes from pharmacies was associated with lower odds of borrowing (OR = .5, CI95% = .3, .9, p = .037) and lending (OR = .5 CI95% = .3, .9, p = .020) syringes. Using bleach to clean syringes was associated with increased odds of borrowing (OR = 2.0, CI95% = 1.3, 3.0, p = .002), lending (OR = 2.0, CI95% = 1.3, 3.0, p = .002) and reusing syringes (OR = 2.4, CI95% = 1.6, 3.6, p < .001). Our findings support provision of syringes through pharmacies and SEPs as a gold-standard strategy of reducing sharing and reuse of syringes in the US.Phillip L. MarottaKristi StringerLeo BeletskyBrooke S. WestDawn Goddard-EckrichLouisa GilbertTim HuntElwin WuNabila El-BasselBMCarticlePeople who inject drugsSyringe accessInjection drug behaviorSyringe exchange programsPharmacyPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENHarm Reduction Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	People who inject drugs Syringe access Injection drug behavior Syringe exchange programs Pharmacy Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	People who inject drugs Syringe access Injection drug behavior Syringe exchange programs Pharmacy Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Phillip L. Marotta Kristi Stringer Leo Beletsky Brooke S. West Dawn Goddard-Eckrich Louisa Gilbert Tim Hunt Elwin Wu Nabila El-Bassel Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019
description	Abstract Provision of sterile syringes is an evidence-based strategy of reducing syringe sharing and reusing and yet, access to sterile syringes through pharmacies and syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in the United States remains inadequate. This nationally representative study examined associations between obtaining syringes from pharmacies, SEPs, and sterilizing syringes with bleach and risk of syringe borrowing, lending and reusing syringes in a pooled cross-sectional dataset of 1737 PWID from the 2002–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression was used to produce odds ratios (OR) of the odds of injection drug behaviors after adjusting for obtaining syringes from SEPs, pharmacies, the street, and other sources and potential confounders of race, ethnicity, sex, education, and insurance coverage. Obtaining syringes through SEPs was associated with lower odds of borrowing (OR = .4, CI95% = .2, .9, p = .022) and reusing syringes (OR = .3, CI95% = .2, .6, < .001) compared to obtaining syringes on the street. Obtaining syringes from pharmacies was associated with lower odds of borrowing (OR = .5, CI95% = .3, .9, p = .037) and lending (OR = .5 CI95% = .3, .9, p = .020) syringes. Using bleach to clean syringes was associated with increased odds of borrowing (OR = 2.0, CI95% = 1.3, 3.0, p = .002), lending (OR = 2.0, CI95% = 1.3, 3.0, p = .002) and reusing syringes (OR = 2.4, CI95% = 1.6, 3.6, p < .001). Our findings support provision of syringes through pharmacies and SEPs as a gold-standard strategy of reducing sharing and reuse of syringes in the US.
format	article
author	Phillip L. Marotta Kristi Stringer Leo Beletsky Brooke S. West Dawn Goddard-Eckrich Louisa Gilbert Tim Hunt Elwin Wu Nabila El-Bassel
author_facet	Phillip L. Marotta Kristi Stringer Leo Beletsky Brooke S. West Dawn Goddard-Eckrich Louisa Gilbert Tim Hunt Elwin Wu Nabila El-Bassel
author_sort	Phillip L. Marotta
title	Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019
title_short	Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019
title_full	Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019
title_fullStr	Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019
title_sort	assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the united states from 2002 to 2019
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3404666c9ba04429a3d0d29ade06fbf5
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Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019

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