Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach

Abstract Current definitions of paranoia include two key components: unfounded ideas of harm and the idea that the harm is intended by others. However, attributions of harmful intent have been poorly studied and mainly using artificial scenarios rather than participation in genuine social interactio...

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Autores principales:	Nichola J. Raihani, Vaughan Bell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34059aca6b874947a2123380820a5b3e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34059aca6b874947a2123380820a5b3e2021-12-02T15:05:23ZParanoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach10.1038/s41598-017-04805-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/34059aca6b874947a2123380820a5b3e2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04805-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Current definitions of paranoia include two key components: unfounded ideas of harm and the idea that the harm is intended by others. However, attributions of harmful intent have been poorly studied and mainly using artificial scenarios rather than participation in genuine social interactions where genuine resources are at stake. Using a large non-clinical population (N = 3229) recruited online, we asked people to complete a measure of paranoid ideation before playing a modified Dictator Game, where the ‘dictator’ can allocate money to the partner (the ‘receiver’). Participants were allocated to the role of receiver or of an uninvolved observer; and evaluated to what extent they believed dictator decisions were motivated by (i) self-interest or (ii) harmful intent. All participants attributed more harmful intent to unfair as opposed to fair dictators. Paranoia had a positive effect on harmful intent attribution, for both fair and unfair dictators. Paranoia did not interact with attributions of self-interest. Importantly, highly paranoid participants attributed equally strong harmful intent to the dictator in the observer role as in the receiver role. This challenges the assumption that paranoia is mainly due to an exaggerated sense of personalised threat and suggests instead that paranoia involves a negative social representations of others.Nichola J. RaihaniVaughan BellNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nichola J. Raihani Vaughan Bell Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
description	Abstract Current definitions of paranoia include two key components: unfounded ideas of harm and the idea that the harm is intended by others. However, attributions of harmful intent have been poorly studied and mainly using artificial scenarios rather than participation in genuine social interactions where genuine resources are at stake. Using a large non-clinical population (N = 3229) recruited online, we asked people to complete a measure of paranoid ideation before playing a modified Dictator Game, where the ‘dictator’ can allocate money to the partner (the ‘receiver’). Participants were allocated to the role of receiver or of an uninvolved observer; and evaluated to what extent they believed dictator decisions were motivated by (i) self-interest or (ii) harmful intent. All participants attributed more harmful intent to unfair as opposed to fair dictators. Paranoia had a positive effect on harmful intent attribution, for both fair and unfair dictators. Paranoia did not interact with attributions of self-interest. Importantly, highly paranoid participants attributed equally strong harmful intent to the dictator in the observer role as in the receiver role. This challenges the assumption that paranoia is mainly due to an exaggerated sense of personalised threat and suggests instead that paranoia involves a negative social representations of others.
format	article
author	Nichola J. Raihani Vaughan Bell
author_facet	Nichola J. Raihani Vaughan Bell
author_sort	Nichola J. Raihani
title	Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
title_short	Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
title_full	Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
title_fullStr	Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
title_full_unstemmed	Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
title_sort	paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/34059aca6b874947a2123380820a5b3e
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Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach

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