Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.

<h4>Background</h4>Viral load (VL) is recommended for monitoring the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but is not routinely available in most low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a CD4-based monitoring and switching st...

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Autores principales: Gonzague Jourdain, Sophie Le Cœur, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Patrinee Traisathit, Tim R Cressey, Federica Fregonese, Baptiste Leurent, Intira J Collins, Malee Techapornroong, Sukit Banchongkit, Sudanee Buranabanjasatean, Guttiga Halue, Ampaipith Nilmanat, Nuananong Luekamlung, Virat Klinbuayaem, Apichat Chutanunta, Pacharee Kantipong, Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong, Rittha Lertkoonalak, Prattana Leenasirimakul, Somboon Tansuphasawasdikul, Pensiriwan Sang-A-Gad, Panita Pathipvanich, Srisuda Thongbuaban, Pakorn Wittayapraparat, Naree Eiamsirikit, Yuwadee Buranawanitchakorn, Naruepon Yutthakasemsunt, Narong Winiyakul, Luc Decker, Sylvaine Barbier, Suporn Koetsawang, Wasna Sirirungsi, Kenneth McIntosh, Sombat Thanprasertsuk, Marc Lallemant, PHPT-3 study team
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/34088c5dc0be4ad7831a7675568d645b
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id oai:doaj.org-article:34088c5dc0be4ad7831a7675568d645b
record_format dspace
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Gonzague Jourdain
Sophie Le Cœur
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong
Patrinee Traisathit
Tim R Cressey
Federica Fregonese
Baptiste Leurent
Intira J Collins
Intira J Collins
Malee Techapornroong
Sukit Banchongkit
Sudanee Buranabanjasatean
Guttiga Halue
Ampaipith Nilmanat
Nuananong Luekamlung
Virat Klinbuayaem
Apichat Chutanunta
Pacharee Kantipong
Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong
Rittha Lertkoonalak
Prattana Leenasirimakul
Somboon Tansuphasawasdikul
Pensiriwan Sang-A-Gad
Panita Pathipvanich
Srisuda Thongbuaban
Pakorn Wittayapraparat
Naree Eiamsirikit
Yuwadee Buranawanitchakorn
Naruepon Yutthakasemsunt
Narong Winiyakul
Luc Decker
Sylvaine Barbier
Suporn Koetsawang
Wasna Sirirungsi
Kenneth McIntosh
Sombat Thanprasertsuk
Marc Lallemant
PHPT-3 study team
Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.
description <h4>Background</h4>Viral load (VL) is recommended for monitoring the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but is not routinely available in most low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a CD4-based monitoring and switching strategy would provide a similar clinical outcome compared to the standard VL-based strategy in Thailand.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment (PHPT-3) non-inferiority randomized clinical trial compared a treatment switching strategy based on CD4-only (CD4) monitoring versus viral-load (VL). Consenting participants were antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected adults (CD4 count 50-250/mm(3)) initiating non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy. Randomization, stratified by site (21 public hospitals), was performed centrally after enrollment. Clinicians were unaware of the VL values of patients randomized to the CD4 arm. Participants switched to second-line combination with confirmed CD4 decline >30% from peak (within 200 cells from baseline) in the CD4 arm, or confirmed VL >400 copies/ml in the VL arm. Primary endpoint was clinical failure at 3 years, defined as death, new AIDS-defining event, or CD4 <50 cells/mm(3). The 3-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative risks of clinical failure were compared for non-inferiority with a margin of 7.4%. In the intent to treat analysis, data were censored at the date of death or at last visit. The secondary endpoints were difference in future-drug-option (FDO) score, a measure of resistance profiles, virologic and immunologic responses, and the safety and tolerance of HAART. 716 participants were randomized, 356 to VL monitoring and 360 to CD4 monitoring. At 3 years, 319 participants (90%) in VL and 326 (91%) in CD4 were alive and on follow-up. The cumulative risk of clinical failure was 8.0% (95% CI 5.6-11.4) in VL versus 7.4% (5.1-10.7) in CD4, and the upper-limit of the one-sided 95% CI of the difference was 3.4%, meeting the pre-determined non-inferiority criterion. Probability of switch for study criteria was 5.2% (3.2-8.4) in VL versus 7.5% (5.0-11.1) in CD4 (p=0.097). Median time from treatment initiation to switch was 11.7 months (7.7-19.4) in VL and 24.7 months (15.9-35.0) in CD4 (p=0.001). The median duration of viremia >400 copies/ml at switch was 7.2 months (5.8-8.0) in VL versus 15.8 months (8.5-20.4) in CD4 (p=0.002). FDO scores were not significantly different at time of switch. No adverse events related to the monitoring strategy were reported.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The 3-year rates of clinical failure and loss of treatment options did not differ between strategies although the longer-term consequences of CD4 monitoring would need to be investigated. These results provide reassurance to treatment programs currently based on CD4 monitoring as VL measurement becomes more affordable and feasible in resource-limited settings.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.govNCT00162682 Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
format article
author Gonzague Jourdain
Sophie Le Cœur
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong
Patrinee Traisathit
Tim R Cressey
Federica Fregonese
Baptiste Leurent
Intira J Collins
Intira J Collins
Malee Techapornroong
Sukit Banchongkit
Sudanee Buranabanjasatean
Guttiga Halue
Ampaipith Nilmanat
Nuananong Luekamlung
Virat Klinbuayaem
Apichat Chutanunta
Pacharee Kantipong
Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong
Rittha Lertkoonalak
Prattana Leenasirimakul
Somboon Tansuphasawasdikul
Pensiriwan Sang-A-Gad
Panita Pathipvanich
Srisuda Thongbuaban
Pakorn Wittayapraparat
Naree Eiamsirikit
Yuwadee Buranawanitchakorn
Naruepon Yutthakasemsunt
Narong Winiyakul
Luc Decker
Sylvaine Barbier
Suporn Koetsawang
Wasna Sirirungsi
Kenneth McIntosh
Sombat Thanprasertsuk
Marc Lallemant
PHPT-3 study team
author_facet Gonzague Jourdain
Sophie Le Cœur
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong
Patrinee Traisathit
Tim R Cressey
Federica Fregonese
Baptiste Leurent
Intira J Collins
Intira J Collins
Malee Techapornroong
Sukit Banchongkit
Sudanee Buranabanjasatean
Guttiga Halue
Ampaipith Nilmanat
Nuananong Luekamlung
Virat Klinbuayaem
Apichat Chutanunta
Pacharee Kantipong
Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong
Rittha Lertkoonalak
Prattana Leenasirimakul
Somboon Tansuphasawasdikul
Pensiriwan Sang-A-Gad
Panita Pathipvanich
Srisuda Thongbuaban
Pakorn Wittayapraparat
Naree Eiamsirikit
Yuwadee Buranawanitchakorn
Naruepon Yutthakasemsunt
Narong Winiyakul
Luc Decker
Sylvaine Barbier
Suporn Koetsawang
Wasna Sirirungsi
Kenneth McIntosh
Sombat Thanprasertsuk
Marc Lallemant
PHPT-3 study team
author_sort Gonzague Jourdain
title Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.
title_short Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.
title_full Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.
title_fullStr Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.
title_full_unstemmed Switching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.
title_sort switching hiv treatment in adults based on cd4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in thailand.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2013
url https://doaj.org/article/34088c5dc0be4ad7831a7675568d645b
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:34088c5dc0be4ad7831a7675568d645b2021-11-18T05:43:11ZSwitching HIV treatment in adults based on CD4 count versus viral load monitoring: a randomized, non-inferiority trial in Thailand.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1001494https://doaj.org/article/34088c5dc0be4ad7831a7675568d645b2013-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23940461/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Viral load (VL) is recommended for monitoring the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but is not routinely available in most low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a CD4-based monitoring and switching strategy would provide a similar clinical outcome compared to the standard VL-based strategy in Thailand.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment (PHPT-3) non-inferiority randomized clinical trial compared a treatment switching strategy based on CD4-only (CD4) monitoring versus viral-load (VL). Consenting participants were antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected adults (CD4 count 50-250/mm(3)) initiating non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy. Randomization, stratified by site (21 public hospitals), was performed centrally after enrollment. Clinicians were unaware of the VL values of patients randomized to the CD4 arm. Participants switched to second-line combination with confirmed CD4 decline >30% from peak (within 200 cells from baseline) in the CD4 arm, or confirmed VL >400 copies/ml in the VL arm. Primary endpoint was clinical failure at 3 years, defined as death, new AIDS-defining event, or CD4 <50 cells/mm(3). The 3-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative risks of clinical failure were compared for non-inferiority with a margin of 7.4%. In the intent to treat analysis, data were censored at the date of death or at last visit. The secondary endpoints were difference in future-drug-option (FDO) score, a measure of resistance profiles, virologic and immunologic responses, and the safety and tolerance of HAART. 716 participants were randomized, 356 to VL monitoring and 360 to CD4 monitoring. At 3 years, 319 participants (90%) in VL and 326 (91%) in CD4 were alive and on follow-up. The cumulative risk of clinical failure was 8.0% (95% CI 5.6-11.4) in VL versus 7.4% (5.1-10.7) in CD4, and the upper-limit of the one-sided 95% CI of the difference was 3.4%, meeting the pre-determined non-inferiority criterion. Probability of switch for study criteria was 5.2% (3.2-8.4) in VL versus 7.5% (5.0-11.1) in CD4 (p=0.097). Median time from treatment initiation to switch was 11.7 months (7.7-19.4) in VL and 24.7 months (15.9-35.0) in CD4 (p=0.001). The median duration of viremia >400 copies/ml at switch was 7.2 months (5.8-8.0) in VL versus 15.8 months (8.5-20.4) in CD4 (p=0.002). FDO scores were not significantly different at time of switch. No adverse events related to the monitoring strategy were reported.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The 3-year rates of clinical failure and loss of treatment options did not differ between strategies although the longer-term consequences of CD4 monitoring would need to be investigated. These results provide reassurance to treatment programs currently based on CD4 monitoring as VL measurement becomes more affordable and feasible in resource-limited settings.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.govNCT00162682 Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.Gonzague JourdainSophie Le CœurNicole Ngo-Giang-HuongPatrinee TraisathitTim R CresseyFederica FregoneseBaptiste LeurentIntira J CollinsIntira J CollinsMalee TechapornroongSukit BanchongkitSudanee BuranabanjasateanGuttiga HalueAmpaipith NilmanatNuananong LuekamlungVirat KlinbuayaemApichat ChutanuntaPacharee KantipongChureeratana BowonwatanuwongRittha LertkoonalakPrattana LeenasirimakulSomboon TansuphasawasdikulPensiriwan Sang-A-GadPanita PathipvanichSrisuda ThongbuabanPakorn WittayapraparatNaree EiamsirikitYuwadee BuranawanitchakornNaruepon YutthakasemsuntNarong WiniyakulLuc DeckerSylvaine BarbierSuporn KoetsawangWasna SirirungsiKenneth McIntoshSombat ThanprasertsukMarc LallemantPHPT-3 study teamPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 8, p e1001494 (2013)