Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus

Abstract Climate has a large impact on diversity and evolution of the world’s biota. The Eocene–Oligocene transition from tropical climate to cooler, drier environments was accompanied by global species turnover. A large number of Old World lacertid lizard lineages have diversified after the Eocene–...

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Autores principales:	Sebastian Kirchhof, Mariana L. Lyra, Ariel Rodríguez, Ivan Ineich, Johannes Müller, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Jean-François Trape, Miguel Vences, Stéphane Boissinot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3424a3a7b87545f2a4e47ea38297f2cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3424a3a7b87545f2a4e47ea38297f2cd2021-12-02T15:53:43ZMitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus10.1038/s41598-021-83422-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3424a3a7b87545f2a4e47ea38297f2cd2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83422-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Climate has a large impact on diversity and evolution of the world’s biota. The Eocene–Oligocene transition from tropical climate to cooler, drier environments was accompanied by global species turnover. A large number of Old World lacertid lizard lineages have diversified after the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. One of the most speciose reptile genera in the arid Palearctic, Acanthodactylus, contains two sub-Saharan species with unresolved phylogenetic relationship and unknown climatic preferences. We here aim to understand how and when adaptation to arid conditions occurred in Acanthodactylus and when tropical habitats where entered. Using whole mitogenomes from fresh and archival DNA and published sequences we recovered a well-supported Acanthodactylus phylogeny and underpinned the timing of diversification with environmental niche analyses of the sub-Saharan species A. guineensis and A. boueti in comparison to all arid Acanthodactylus. We found that A. guineensis represents an old lineage that splits from a basal node in the Western clade, and A. boueti is a derived lineage and probably not its sister. Their long branches characterize them—and especially A. guineensis—as lineages that may have persisted for a long time without further diversification or have undergone multiple extinctions. Environmental niche models verified the occurrence of A. guineensis and A. boueti in hot humid environments different from the other 42 arid Acanthodactylus species. While A. guineensis probably remained in tropical habitat from periods prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, A. boueti entered tropical environments independently at a later period. Our results provide an important baseline for studying adaptation and the transition from humid to arid environments in Lacertidae.Sebastian KirchhofMariana L. LyraAriel RodríguezIvan IneichJohannes MüllerMark-Oliver RödelJean-François TrapeMiguel VencesStéphane BoissinotNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sebastian Kirchhof Mariana L. Lyra Ariel Rodríguez Ivan Ineich Johannes Müller Mark-Oliver Rödel Jean-François Trape Miguel Vences Stéphane Boissinot Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus
description	Abstract Climate has a large impact on diversity and evolution of the world’s biota. The Eocene–Oligocene transition from tropical climate to cooler, drier environments was accompanied by global species turnover. A large number of Old World lacertid lizard lineages have diversified after the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. One of the most speciose reptile genera in the arid Palearctic, Acanthodactylus, contains two sub-Saharan species with unresolved phylogenetic relationship and unknown climatic preferences. We here aim to understand how and when adaptation to arid conditions occurred in Acanthodactylus and when tropical habitats where entered. Using whole mitogenomes from fresh and archival DNA and published sequences we recovered a well-supported Acanthodactylus phylogeny and underpinned the timing of diversification with environmental niche analyses of the sub-Saharan species A. guineensis and A. boueti in comparison to all arid Acanthodactylus. We found that A. guineensis represents an old lineage that splits from a basal node in the Western clade, and A. boueti is a derived lineage and probably not its sister. Their long branches characterize them—and especially A. guineensis—as lineages that may have persisted for a long time without further diversification or have undergone multiple extinctions. Environmental niche models verified the occurrence of A. guineensis and A. boueti in hot humid environments different from the other 42 arid Acanthodactylus species. While A. guineensis probably remained in tropical habitat from periods prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, A. boueti entered tropical environments independently at a later period. Our results provide an important baseline for studying adaptation and the transition from humid to arid environments in Lacertidae.
format	article
author	Sebastian Kirchhof Mariana L. Lyra Ariel Rodríguez Ivan Ineich Johannes Müller Mark-Oliver Rödel Jean-François Trape Miguel Vences Stéphane Boissinot
author_facet	Sebastian Kirchhof Mariana L. Lyra Ariel Rodríguez Ivan Ineich Johannes Müller Mark-Oliver Rödel Jean-François Trape Miguel Vences Stéphane Boissinot
author_sort	Sebastian Kirchhof
title	Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus
title_short	Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus
title_full	Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus
title_fullStr	Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus
title_full_unstemmed	Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus
title_sort	mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus acanthodactylus
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3424a3a7b87545f2a4e47ea38297f2cd
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Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus

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