Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub>. Thus, they are involved in those physiological and pathological processes in which cellular pH buffering plays...

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Autores principales:	Lidia Ciccone, Chiara Cerri, Susanna Nencetti, Elisabetta Orlandini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	carbonic anhydrases (CAs) CA inhibitors (CAIs) epilepsy CA II CA VII CA XIV Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34268ec257b846e1949ff7fc5b004fad
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34268ec257b846e1949ff7fc5b004fad2021-11-11T18:24:29ZCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives10.3390/molecules262163801420-3049https://doaj.org/article/34268ec257b846e1949ff7fc5b004fad2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6380https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub>. Thus, they are involved in those physiological and pathological processes in which cellular pH buffering plays a relevant role. The inhibition of CAs has pharmacologic applications for several diseases. In addition to the well-known employment of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, it has recently been demonstrated that CAIs could be considered as valid therapeutic agents against obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that dramatically affects people of all ages. It is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures that are related to a rapid change in ionic composition, including an increase in intracellular potassium concentration and pH shifts. It has been reported that CAs II, VII and XIV are implicated in epilepsy. In this context, selective CAIs towards the mentioned isoforms (CAs II, VII and XIV) have been proposed and actually exploited as anticonvulsants agents in the treatment of epilepsy. Here, we describe the research achievements published on CAIs, focusing on those clinically used as anticonvulsants. In particular, we examine the new CAIs currently under development that might represent novel therapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy.Lidia CicconeChiara CerriSusanna NencettiElisabetta OrlandiniMDPI AGarticlecarbonic anhydrases (CAs)CA inhibitors (CAIs)epilepsyCA IICA VIICA XIVOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6380, p 6380 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbonic anhydrases (CAs) CA inhibitors (CAIs) epilepsy CA II CA VII CA XIV Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	carbonic anhydrases (CAs) CA inhibitors (CAIs) epilepsy CA II CA VII CA XIV Organic chemistry QD241-441 Lidia Ciccone Chiara Cerri Susanna Nencetti Elisabetta Orlandini Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
description	Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub>. Thus, they are involved in those physiological and pathological processes in which cellular pH buffering plays a relevant role. The inhibition of CAs has pharmacologic applications for several diseases. In addition to the well-known employment of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, it has recently been demonstrated that CAIs could be considered as valid therapeutic agents against obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that dramatically affects people of all ages. It is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures that are related to a rapid change in ionic composition, including an increase in intracellular potassium concentration and pH shifts. It has been reported that CAs II, VII and XIV are implicated in epilepsy. In this context, selective CAIs towards the mentioned isoforms (CAs II, VII and XIV) have been proposed and actually exploited as anticonvulsants agents in the treatment of epilepsy. Here, we describe the research achievements published on CAIs, focusing on those clinically used as anticonvulsants. In particular, we examine the new CAIs currently under development that might represent novel therapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy.
format	article
author	Lidia Ciccone Chiara Cerri Susanna Nencetti Elisabetta Orlandini
author_facet	Lidia Ciccone Chiara Cerri Susanna Nencetti Elisabetta Orlandini
author_sort	Lidia Ciccone
title	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
title_short	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
title_full	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
title_fullStr	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
title_sort	carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and epilepsy: state of the art and future perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/34268ec257b846e1949ff7fc5b004fad
work_keys_str_mv	AT lidiaciccone carbonicanhydraseinhibitorsandepilepsystateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT chiaracerri carbonicanhydraseinhibitorsandepilepsystateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT susannanencetti carbonicanhydraseinhibitorsandepilepsystateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT elisabettaorlandini carbonicanhydraseinhibitorsandepilepsystateoftheartandfutureperspectives
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

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