Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays

Portland Cement is manufactured by adding 3% gypsum to clinker which is produced by grinding, pulverizing, mixing, and then burning a raw mix of silica, and calcium carbonate. Limestone is the main source of carbonates, while clay collected from arable land is the main source of silica. The...

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Autor principal: Salih M. Awadh
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Union of Iraqi Geologists (UIG) 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/3429592979f7481984aff2cdce434c8e
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:3429592979f7481984aff2cdce434c8e2021-11-06T11:55:28ZDesigning Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays2414-60642663-875410.46717/igj.54.2D.7Ms-2021-10-26https://doaj.org/article/3429592979f7481984aff2cdce434c8e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://igj-iraq.org/igj/index.php/igj/article/view/743https://doaj.org/toc/2414-6064https://doaj.org/toc/2663-8754 Portland Cement is manufactured by adding 3% gypsum to clinker which is produced by grinding, pulverizing, mixing, and then burning a raw mix of silica, and calcium carbonate. Limestone is the main source of carbonates, while clay collected from arable land is the main source of silica. The marl in the Euphrates Formation was studied as an alternative to arable lands. Nine boreholes drilled and penetrated the marl layer in selected locations at the Kufa cement quarry. Forty-one samples of marl from boreholes and four samples of limestone from the closed area were collected. The chemical content of the major oxides and the hardness of the marl layer was very encouraging as a raw material for Portland Cement as they are SiO2 (17.60), CaO (37.89), MgO (1.94), Fe2O3 (2.47), Al2O3 (4.21), K2O (0.731), SO3 (0.35), and Na2O (0.062). The marl was used in designing a raw material mix suitable for rotary kiln feed and produced a clinker conforming to the approved specifications. The designing a raw mix consisting of 80.30% of marl with 19.70% of limestone. The investment of the marl layer can be used as an ideal alternative to the arable clay giving fit quality to the international specifications, reducing production costs during quarry operations, reducing the energy consumption and equipment wearing.Salih M. AwadhUnion of Iraqi Geologists (UIG)articleGeologyQE1-996.5ENIraqi Geological Journal, Vol 54, Iss 2D, Pp 87-97 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Geology
QE1-996.5
spellingShingle Geology
QE1-996.5
Salih M. Awadh
Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
description Portland Cement is manufactured by adding 3% gypsum to clinker which is produced by grinding, pulverizing, mixing, and then burning a raw mix of silica, and calcium carbonate. Limestone is the main source of carbonates, while clay collected from arable land is the main source of silica. The marl in the Euphrates Formation was studied as an alternative to arable lands. Nine boreholes drilled and penetrated the marl layer in selected locations at the Kufa cement quarry. Forty-one samples of marl from boreholes and four samples of limestone from the closed area were collected. The chemical content of the major oxides and the hardness of the marl layer was very encouraging as a raw material for Portland Cement as they are SiO2 (17.60), CaO (37.89), MgO (1.94), Fe2O3 (2.47), Al2O3 (4.21), K2O (0.731), SO3 (0.35), and Na2O (0.062). The marl was used in designing a raw material mix suitable for rotary kiln feed and produced a clinker conforming to the approved specifications. The designing a raw mix consisting of 80.30% of marl with 19.70% of limestone. The investment of the marl layer can be used as an ideal alternative to the arable clay giving fit quality to the international specifications, reducing production costs during quarry operations, reducing the energy consumption and equipment wearing.
format article
author Salih M. Awadh
author_facet Salih M. Awadh
author_sort Salih M. Awadh
title Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
title_short Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
title_full Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
title_fullStr Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
title_full_unstemmed Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
title_sort designing raw mix for manufacturing portland cement using euphrates formation marl instead of clays
publisher Union of Iraqi Geologists (UIG)
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/3429592979f7481984aff2cdce434c8e
work_keys_str_mv AT salihmawadh designingrawmixformanufacturingportlandcementusingeuphratesformationmarlinsteadofclays
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