Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease

ABSTRACT The human oral cavity is home to a large and diverse community of viruses that have yet to be characterized in patients with periodontal disease. We recruited and sampled saliva and oral biofilm from a cohort of humans either periodontally healthy or with mild or significant periodontal dis...

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Autores principales:	Melissa Ly, Shira R. Abeles, Tobias K. Boehm, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Mayuri Naidu, Tasha Santiago-Rodriguez, David T. Pride
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Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34328809c414447a92a904fd624d71e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34328809c414447a92a904fd624d71e52021-11-15T15:47:38ZAltered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease10.1128/mBio.01133-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/34328809c414447a92a904fd624d71e52014-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01133-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The human oral cavity is home to a large and diverse community of viruses that have yet to be characterized in patients with periodontal disease. We recruited and sampled saliva and oral biofilm from a cohort of humans either periodontally healthy or with mild or significant periodontal disease to discern whether there are differences in viral communities that reflect their oral health status. We found communities of viruses inhabiting saliva and the subgingival and supragingival biofilms of each subject that were composed largely of bacteriophage. While there were homologous viruses common to different subjects and biogeographic sites, for most of the subjects, virome compositions were significantly associated with the oral sites from which they were derived. The largest distinctions between virome compositions were found when comparing the subgingival and supragingival biofilms to those of planktonic saliva. Differences in virome composition were significantly associated with oral health status for both subgingival and supragingival biofilm viruses but not for salivary viruses. Among the differences identified in virome compositions was a significant expansion of myoviruses in subgingival biofilm, suggesting that periodontal disease favors lytic phage. We also characterized the bacterial communities in each subject at each biogeographic site by using the V3 hypervariable segment of the 16S rRNA and did not identify distinctions between oral health and disease similar to those found in viral communities. The significantly altered ecology of viruses of oral biofilm in subjects with periodontal disease compared to that of relatively periodontally healthy ones suggests that viruses may serve as useful indicators of oral health status. IMPORTANCE Little is known about the role or the constituents of viruses as members of the human microbiome. We investigated the composition of human oral viral communities in a group of relatively periodontally healthy subjects or significant periodontitis to determine whether health status may be associated with differences in viruses. We found that most of the viruses present were predators of bacteria. The viruses inhabiting dental plaque were significantly different on the basis of oral health status, while those present in saliva were not. Dental plaque viruses in periodontitis were predicted to be significantly more likely to kill their bacterial hosts than those found in healthy mouths. Because oral diseases such as periodontitis have been shown to have altered bacterial communities, we believe that viruses and their role as drivers of ecosystem diversity are important contributors to the human oral microbiome in health and disease states.Melissa LyShira R. AbelesTobias K. BoehmRefugio Robles-SikisakaMayuri NaiduTasha Santiago-RodriguezDavid T. PrideAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Melissa Ly Shira R. Abeles Tobias K. Boehm Refugio Robles-Sikisaka Mayuri Naidu Tasha Santiago-Rodriguez David T. Pride Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease
description	ABSTRACT The human oral cavity is home to a large and diverse community of viruses that have yet to be characterized in patients with periodontal disease. We recruited and sampled saliva and oral biofilm from a cohort of humans either periodontally healthy or with mild or significant periodontal disease to discern whether there are differences in viral communities that reflect their oral health status. We found communities of viruses inhabiting saliva and the subgingival and supragingival biofilms of each subject that were composed largely of bacteriophage. While there were homologous viruses common to different subjects and biogeographic sites, for most of the subjects, virome compositions were significantly associated with the oral sites from which they were derived. The largest distinctions between virome compositions were found when comparing the subgingival and supragingival biofilms to those of planktonic saliva. Differences in virome composition were significantly associated with oral health status for both subgingival and supragingival biofilm viruses but not for salivary viruses. Among the differences identified in virome compositions was a significant expansion of myoviruses in subgingival biofilm, suggesting that periodontal disease favors lytic phage. We also characterized the bacterial communities in each subject at each biogeographic site by using the V3 hypervariable segment of the 16S rRNA and did not identify distinctions between oral health and disease similar to those found in viral communities. The significantly altered ecology of viruses of oral biofilm in subjects with periodontal disease compared to that of relatively periodontally healthy ones suggests that viruses may serve as useful indicators of oral health status. IMPORTANCE Little is known about the role or the constituents of viruses as members of the human microbiome. We investigated the composition of human oral viral communities in a group of relatively periodontally healthy subjects or significant periodontitis to determine whether health status may be associated with differences in viruses. We found that most of the viruses present were predators of bacteria. The viruses inhabiting dental plaque were significantly different on the basis of oral health status, while those present in saliva were not. Dental plaque viruses in periodontitis were predicted to be significantly more likely to kill their bacterial hosts than those found in healthy mouths. Because oral diseases such as periodontitis have been shown to have altered bacterial communities, we believe that viruses and their role as drivers of ecosystem diversity are important contributors to the human oral microbiome in health and disease states.
format	article
author	Melissa Ly Shira R. Abeles Tobias K. Boehm Refugio Robles-Sikisaka Mayuri Naidu Tasha Santiago-Rodriguez David T. Pride
author_facet	Melissa Ly Shira R. Abeles Tobias K. Boehm Refugio Robles-Sikisaka Mayuri Naidu Tasha Santiago-Rodriguez David T. Pride
author_sort	Melissa Ly
title	Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease
title_short	Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease
title_full	Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease
title_fullStr	Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease
title_full_unstemmed	Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease
title_sort	altered oral viral ecology in association with periodontal disease
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/34328809c414447a92a904fd624d71e5
work_keys_str_mv	AT melissaly alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease AT shirarabeles alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease AT tobiaskboehm alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease AT refugioroblessikisaka alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease AT mayurinaidu alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease AT tashasantiagorodriguez alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease AT davidtpride alteredoralviralecologyinassociationwithperiodontaldisease
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Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease

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