2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants

Unlike animals, plants amply convert melatonin into 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) through the action of melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) and melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), respectively. Thus, the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment in plants may be caused by mela...

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Autores principales:	Hyoung Yool Lee, Kyoungwhan Back
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	abscisic acid ethylene 2-hydroxymelatonin mitogen-activated protein kinase melatonin RBOH Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/343c945e5c694be4814c9eb71a090a24
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:343c945e5c694be4814c9eb71a090a242021-11-25T16:27:20Z2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants10.3390/antiox101117282076-3921https://doaj.org/article/343c945e5c694be4814c9eb71a090a242021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1728https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Unlike animals, plants amply convert melatonin into 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) through the action of melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) and melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), respectively. Thus, the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment in plants may be caused by melatonin, 2-OHM, or 3-OHM, or some combination of these compounds. Indeed, studies of melatonin’s effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have reported conflicting results. In this study, we demonstrated that 2-OHM treatment induced ROS production, whereas melatonin did not. ROS production from 2-OHM treatment occurred in old arabidopsis leaves in darkness, consistent with an ethylene-mediated senescence mechanism. Transgenic tobacco plants containing overexpressed rice <i>M2H</i> exhibited dwarfism and leaf necrosis of the upper leaves and early senescence of the lower leaves. We also demonstrated that 2-OHM-mediated ROS production is respiratory burst NADPH oxidase (RBOH)-dependent and that 2-OHM-induced senescence genes require ethylene and the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway in arabidopsis. In contrast to melatonin, 2-OHM treatment induced senescence symptoms such as leaf chlorosis and increased ion leakage in arabidopsis. Senescence induction is known to begin with decreased levels of proteins involved in chloroplast maintenance, including Lhcb1 and ClpR1. Together, these results show that 2-OHM acts as a senescence-inducing factor by inducing ROS production in plants.Hyoung Yool LeeKyoungwhan BackMDPI AGarticleabscisic acidethylene2-hydroxymelatoninmitogen-activated protein kinasemelatoninRBOHTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1728, p 1728 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	abscisic acid ethylene 2-hydroxymelatonin mitogen-activated protein kinase melatonin RBOH Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	abscisic acid ethylene 2-hydroxymelatonin mitogen-activated protein kinase melatonin RBOH Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Hyoung Yool Lee Kyoungwhan Back 2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants
description	Unlike animals, plants amply convert melatonin into 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) through the action of melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) and melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), respectively. Thus, the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment in plants may be caused by melatonin, 2-OHM, or 3-OHM, or some combination of these compounds. Indeed, studies of melatonin’s effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have reported conflicting results. In this study, we demonstrated that 2-OHM treatment induced ROS production, whereas melatonin did not. ROS production from 2-OHM treatment occurred in old arabidopsis leaves in darkness, consistent with an ethylene-mediated senescence mechanism. Transgenic tobacco plants containing overexpressed rice <i>M2H</i> exhibited dwarfism and leaf necrosis of the upper leaves and early senescence of the lower leaves. We also demonstrated that 2-OHM-mediated ROS production is respiratory burst NADPH oxidase (RBOH)-dependent and that 2-OHM-induced senescence genes require ethylene and the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway in arabidopsis. In contrast to melatonin, 2-OHM treatment induced senescence symptoms such as leaf chlorosis and increased ion leakage in arabidopsis. Senescence induction is known to begin with decreased levels of proteins involved in chloroplast maintenance, including Lhcb1 and ClpR1. Together, these results show that 2-OHM acts as a senescence-inducing factor by inducing ROS production in plants.
format	article
author	Hyoung Yool Lee Kyoungwhan Back
author_facet	Hyoung Yool Lee Kyoungwhan Back
author_sort	Hyoung Yool Lee
title	2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants
title_short	2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants
title_full	2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants
title_fullStr	2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants
title_full_unstemmed	2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants
title_sort	2-hydroxymelatonin, rather than melatonin, is responsible for rboh-dependent reactive oxygen species production leading to premature senescence in plants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/343c945e5c694be4814c9eb71a090a24
work_keys_str_mv	AT hyoungyoollee 2hydroxymelatoninratherthanmelatoninisresponsibleforrbohdependentreactiveoxygenspeciesproductionleadingtoprematuresenescenceinplants AT kyoungwhanback 2hydroxymelatoninratherthanmelatoninisresponsibleforrbohdependentreactiveoxygenspeciesproductionleadingtoprematuresenescenceinplants
_version_	1718413128439431168

2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants

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