The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland

Surface energy budgets are important to the ecohydrology of complex terrain, where land surfaces cycle in and out of shadows creating distinct microclimates. Shading in such environments can help regulate downstream flow over the course of a growing season, but our knowledge on how shadows impact th...

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Autores principales:	Dylan M. Hrach, Richard M. Petrone, Brandon Van Huizen, Adam Green, Myroslava Khomik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	horizon shade solar radiation energy budget Canadian Rocky Mountains subalpine wetland latent heat flux Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/343fe3e1f9dd4bda8d5992b0ff54d61a
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:343fe3e1f9dd4bda8d5992b0ff54d61a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:343fe3e1f9dd4bda8d5992b0ff54d61a2021-11-25T16:45:13ZThe Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland10.3390/atmos121114732073-4433https://doaj.org/article/343fe3e1f9dd4bda8d5992b0ff54d61a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1473https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Surface energy budgets are important to the ecohydrology of complex terrain, where land surfaces cycle in and out of shadows creating distinct microclimates. Shading in such environments can help regulate downstream flow over the course of a growing season, but our knowledge on how shadows impact the energy budget and consequently ecohydrology in montane ecosystems is very limited. We investigated the influence of horizon shade on the surface energy fluxes of a subalpine headwater wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains during the growing season. During the study, surface insolation decreased by 60% (32% due to evolving horizon shade and 28% from seasonality). The influence of shade on the energy budget varied between two distinct periods: (1) Stable Shade, when horizon shade was constant and reduced sunlight by 2 h per day; and (2) Dynamic Shade, when shade increased and reduced sunlight by 0.18 h more each day, equivalent to a 13% reduction in incoming shortwave radiation and 16% in net radiation. Latent heat flux, the dominant energy flux at our site, varied temporally because of changes in incoming radiation, atmospheric demand, soil moisture and shade. Horizon shade controlled soil moisture at our site by prolonging snowmelt and reducing evapotranspiration in the late growing season, resulting in increased water storage capacity compared to other mountain wetlands. With the mounting risk of climate-change-driven severe spring flooding and late season droughts downstream of mountain headwaters, shaded subalpine wetlands provide important ecohydrological and mitigation services that are worthy of further study and mapping. This will help us better understand and protect mountain and prairie water resources.Dylan M. HrachRichard M. PetroneBrandon Van HuizenAdam GreenMyroslava KhomikMDPI AGarticlehorizon shadesolar radiationenergy budgetCanadian Rocky Mountainssubalpine wetlandlatent heat fluxMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1473, p 1473 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	horizon shade solar radiation energy budget Canadian Rocky Mountains subalpine wetland latent heat flux Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	horizon shade solar radiation energy budget Canadian Rocky Mountains subalpine wetland latent heat flux Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Dylan M. Hrach Richard M. Petrone Brandon Van Huizen Adam Green Myroslava Khomik The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland
description	Surface energy budgets are important to the ecohydrology of complex terrain, where land surfaces cycle in and out of shadows creating distinct microclimates. Shading in such environments can help regulate downstream flow over the course of a growing season, but our knowledge on how shadows impact the energy budget and consequently ecohydrology in montane ecosystems is very limited. We investigated the influence of horizon shade on the surface energy fluxes of a subalpine headwater wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains during the growing season. During the study, surface insolation decreased by 60% (32% due to evolving horizon shade and 28% from seasonality). The influence of shade on the energy budget varied between two distinct periods: (1) Stable Shade, when horizon shade was constant and reduced sunlight by 2 h per day; and (2) Dynamic Shade, when shade increased and reduced sunlight by 0.18 h more each day, equivalent to a 13% reduction in incoming shortwave radiation and 16% in net radiation. Latent heat flux, the dominant energy flux at our site, varied temporally because of changes in incoming radiation, atmospheric demand, soil moisture and shade. Horizon shade controlled soil moisture at our site by prolonging snowmelt and reducing evapotranspiration in the late growing season, resulting in increased water storage capacity compared to other mountain wetlands. With the mounting risk of climate-change-driven severe spring flooding and late season droughts downstream of mountain headwaters, shaded subalpine wetlands provide important ecohydrological and mitigation services that are worthy of further study and mapping. This will help us better understand and protect mountain and prairie water resources.
format	article
author	Dylan M. Hrach Richard M. Petrone Brandon Van Huizen Adam Green Myroslava Khomik
author_facet	Dylan M. Hrach Richard M. Petrone Brandon Van Huizen Adam Green Myroslava Khomik
author_sort	Dylan M. Hrach
title	The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland
title_short	The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland
title_full	The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland
title_fullStr	The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland
title_sort	impact of variable horizon shade on the growing season energy budget of a subalpine headwater wetland
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/343fe3e1f9dd4bda8d5992b0ff54d61a
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The Impact of Variable Horizon Shade on the Growing Season Energy Budget of a Subalpine Headwater Wetland

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