Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC

Abstract Air pollution levels are uneven within cities, contributing to persistent health disparities between neighborhoods and population sub‐groups. Highly spatially resolved information on pollution levels and disease rates is necessary to characterize inequities in air pollution exposure and rel...

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Autores principales:	Maria D. Castillo, Patrick L. Kinney, Veronica Southerland, C. Anneta Arno, Kelly Crawford, Aaron van Donkelaar, Melanie Hammer, Randall V. Martin, Susan C. Anenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2021
Materias:	fine particulate matter PM2.5‐attributable health impacts health inequities environmental justice intra‐urban baseline disease rates intra‐urban health risks Environmental protection TD169-171.8
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3446a6b466d346e5a90c46887d7ac2a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3446a6b466d346e5a90c46887d7ac2a02021-11-23T17:17:50ZEstimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC2471-140310.1029/2021GH000431https://doaj.org/article/3446a6b466d346e5a90c46887d7ac2a02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000431https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1403Abstract Air pollution levels are uneven within cities, contributing to persistent health disparities between neighborhoods and population sub‐groups. Highly spatially resolved information on pollution levels and disease rates is necessary to characterize inequities in air pollution exposure and related health risks. We leverage recent advances in deriving surface pollution levels from satellite remote sensing and granular data in disease rates for one city, Washington, DC, to assess intra‐urban heterogeneity in fine particulate matter (PM2.5)‐ attributable mortality and morbidity. We estimate PM2.5‐attributable cases of all‐cause mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, and asthma emergency department (ED) visits using epidemiologically derived health impact functions. Data inputs include satellite‐derived annual mean surface PM2.5 concentrations; age‐resolved population estimates; and statistical neighborhood‐, zip code‐ and ward‐scale disease counts. We find that PM2.5 concentrations and associated health burdens have decreased in DC between 2000 and 2018, from approximately 240 to 120 cause‐specific deaths and from 40 to 30 asthma ED visits per year (between 2014 and 2018). However, remaining PM2.5‐attributable health risks are unevenly and inequitably distributed across the District. Higher PM2.5‐attributable disease burdens were found in neighborhoods with larger proportions of people of color, lower household income, and lower educational attainment. Our study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the inequity in air pollution exposure levels and pollution health risks between population sub‐groups, and highlights the need for both high‐resolution disease rates and concentration estimates for understanding intra‐urban disparities in air pollution‐related health risks.Maria D. CastilloPatrick L. KinneyVeronica SoutherlandC. Anneta ArnoKelly CrawfordAaron van DonkelaarMelanie HammerRandall V. MartinSusan C. AnenbergAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)articlefine particulate matterPM2.5‐attributable health impactshealth inequitiesenvironmental justiceintra‐urban baseline disease ratesintra‐urban health risksEnvironmental protectionTD169-171.8ENGeoHealth, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fine particulate matter PM2.5‐attributable health impacts health inequities environmental justice intra‐urban baseline disease rates intra‐urban health risks Environmental protection TD169-171.8
spellingShingle	fine particulate matter PM2.5‐attributable health impacts health inequities environmental justice intra‐urban baseline disease rates intra‐urban health risks Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Maria D. Castillo Patrick L. Kinney Veronica Southerland C. Anneta Arno Kelly Crawford Aaron van Donkelaar Melanie Hammer Randall V. Martin Susan C. Anenberg Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC
description	Abstract Air pollution levels are uneven within cities, contributing to persistent health disparities between neighborhoods and population sub‐groups. Highly spatially resolved information on pollution levels and disease rates is necessary to characterize inequities in air pollution exposure and related health risks. We leverage recent advances in deriving surface pollution levels from satellite remote sensing and granular data in disease rates for one city, Washington, DC, to assess intra‐urban heterogeneity in fine particulate matter (PM2.5)‐ attributable mortality and morbidity. We estimate PM2.5‐attributable cases of all‐cause mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, and asthma emergency department (ED) visits using epidemiologically derived health impact functions. Data inputs include satellite‐derived annual mean surface PM2.5 concentrations; age‐resolved population estimates; and statistical neighborhood‐, zip code‐ and ward‐scale disease counts. We find that PM2.5 concentrations and associated health burdens have decreased in DC between 2000 and 2018, from approximately 240 to 120 cause‐specific deaths and from 40 to 30 asthma ED visits per year (between 2014 and 2018). However, remaining PM2.5‐attributable health risks are unevenly and inequitably distributed across the District. Higher PM2.5‐attributable disease burdens were found in neighborhoods with larger proportions of people of color, lower household income, and lower educational attainment. Our study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the inequity in air pollution exposure levels and pollution health risks between population sub‐groups, and highlights the need for both high‐resolution disease rates and concentration estimates for understanding intra‐urban disparities in air pollution‐related health risks.
format	article
author	Maria D. Castillo Patrick L. Kinney Veronica Southerland C. Anneta Arno Kelly Crawford Aaron van Donkelaar Melanie Hammer Randall V. Martin Susan C. Anenberg
author_facet	Maria D. Castillo Patrick L. Kinney Veronica Southerland C. Anneta Arno Kelly Crawford Aaron van Donkelaar Melanie Hammer Randall V. Martin Susan C. Anenberg
author_sort	Maria D. Castillo
title	Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC
title_short	Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC
title_full	Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC
title_fullStr	Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC
title_full_unstemmed	Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC
title_sort	estimating intra‐urban inequities in pm2.5‐attributable health impacts: a case study for washington, dc
publisher	American Geophysical Union (AGU)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3446a6b466d346e5a90c46887d7ac2a0
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Estimating Intra‐Urban Inequities in PM2.5‐Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC

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