Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa.
Since late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic. Each country was affected but with a varying number of infected cases and mortality rates. Africa was hit late by the pandemic but the number of cases rose sharpl...
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oai:doaj.org-article:3453ed3f5af244f6b724aa3644c2be7c2021-12-02T20:24:19ZGenomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009335https://doaj.org/article/3453ed3f5af244f6b724aa3644c2be7c2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009335https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Since late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic. Each country was affected but with a varying number of infected cases and mortality rates. Africa was hit late by the pandemic but the number of cases rose sharply. In this study, we investigated 224 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) in the early part of the outbreak, of which 69 were from Africa. We analyzed a total of 550 mutations by comparing them with the reference SARS-CoV-2 sequence from Wuhan. We classified the mutations observed based on country and region, and afterwards analyzed common and unique mutations on the African continent as a whole. Correlation analyses showed that the duo variants ORF1ab/RdRp 4715L and S protein 614G variants, which are strongly linked to fatality rate, were not significantly and positively correlated with fatality rates (r = -0.03757, P = 0.5331 and r = -0.2876, P = 0.6389, respectively), although increased number of cases correlated with number of deaths (r = 0.997, P = 0.0002). Furthermore, most cases in Africa were mainly imported from American and European countries, except one isolate with no mutation and was similar to the original isolate from Wuhan. Moreover, unique mutations specific to countries were identified in the early phase of the outbreak but these mutations were not regional-specific. There were common mutations in all isolates across the continent as well as similar isolate-specific mutations in different regions. Our findings suggest that mutation is rapid in SARS-CoV-2 in Africa and although these mutations spread across the continent, the duo variants could not possibly be the sole cause of COVID-19 deaths in Africa in the early phase of the outbreak.Jones LampteyFavour Oluwapelumi OyelamiMichael OwusuBernard NkrumahPaul Oluwagbenga IdowuEnoch Appiah Adu-GyamfiArmin CzikaPhilip El-DuahRichmond YeboahAugustina SylverkenOluwatayo Israel OlasunkanmiEllis Owusu-DaboChristian DrostenYaw Adu-SarkodiePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e0009335 (2021) |
| institution |
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| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
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| topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
| spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Jones Lamptey Favour Oluwapelumi Oyelami Michael Owusu Bernard Nkrumah Paul Oluwagbenga Idowu Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi Armin Czika Philip El-Duah Richmond Yeboah Augustina Sylverken Oluwatayo Israel Olasunkanmi Ellis Owusu-Dabo Christian Drosten Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. |
| description |
Since late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic. Each country was affected but with a varying number of infected cases and mortality rates. Africa was hit late by the pandemic but the number of cases rose sharply. In this study, we investigated 224 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) in the early part of the outbreak, of which 69 were from Africa. We analyzed a total of 550 mutations by comparing them with the reference SARS-CoV-2 sequence from Wuhan. We classified the mutations observed based on country and region, and afterwards analyzed common and unique mutations on the African continent as a whole. Correlation analyses showed that the duo variants ORF1ab/RdRp 4715L and S protein 614G variants, which are strongly linked to fatality rate, were not significantly and positively correlated with fatality rates (r = -0.03757, P = 0.5331 and r = -0.2876, P = 0.6389, respectively), although increased number of cases correlated with number of deaths (r = 0.997, P = 0.0002). Furthermore, most cases in Africa were mainly imported from American and European countries, except one isolate with no mutation and was similar to the original isolate from Wuhan. Moreover, unique mutations specific to countries were identified in the early phase of the outbreak but these mutations were not regional-specific. There were common mutations in all isolates across the continent as well as similar isolate-specific mutations in different regions. Our findings suggest that mutation is rapid in SARS-CoV-2 in Africa and although these mutations spread across the continent, the duo variants could not possibly be the sole cause of COVID-19 deaths in Africa in the early phase of the outbreak. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Jones Lamptey Favour Oluwapelumi Oyelami Michael Owusu Bernard Nkrumah Paul Oluwagbenga Idowu Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi Armin Czika Philip El-Duah Richmond Yeboah Augustina Sylverken Oluwatayo Israel Olasunkanmi Ellis Owusu-Dabo Christian Drosten Yaw Adu-Sarkodie |
| author_facet |
Jones Lamptey Favour Oluwapelumi Oyelami Michael Owusu Bernard Nkrumah Paul Oluwagbenga Idowu Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi Armin Czika Philip El-Duah Richmond Yeboah Augustina Sylverken Oluwatayo Israel Olasunkanmi Ellis Owusu-Dabo Christian Drosten Yaw Adu-Sarkodie |
| author_sort |
Jones Lamptey |
| title |
Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. |
| title_short |
Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. |
| title_full |
Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. |
| title_fullStr |
Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. |
| title_sort |
genomic and epidemiological characteristics of sars-cov-2 in africa. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/3453ed3f5af244f6b724aa3644c2be7c |
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