Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes

ABSTRACT Environmental microbes have harbored the capacity for antibiotic production for millions of years, spanning the evolution of humans and other vertebrates. However, the industrial-scale use of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural practice over the past century has led to a substantial in...

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Autores principales:	Pablo Tsukayama, Manish Boolchandani, Sanket Patel, Erica C. Pehrsson, Molly K. Gibson, Kenneth L. Chiou, Clifford J. Jolly, Jeffrey Rogers, Jane E. Phillips-Conroy, Gautam Dantas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	antibiotics antimicrobial resistance baboon metagenomics microbial ecology microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/346f1c8b27664300ac546deffba0b4bd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:346f1c8b27664300ac546deffba0b4bd2021-12-02T19:47:34ZCharacterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes10.1128/mSystems.00016-182379-5077https://doaj.org/article/346f1c8b27664300ac546deffba0b4bd2018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00016-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Environmental microbes have harbored the capacity for antibiotic production for millions of years, spanning the evolution of humans and other vertebrates. However, the industrial-scale use of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural practice over the past century has led to a substantial increase in exposure of these agents to human and environmental microbiota. This perturbation is predicted to alter the ecology of microbial communities and to promote the evolution and transfer of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. We studied wild and captive baboon populations to understand the effects of exposure to humans and human activities (e.g., antibiotic therapy) on the composition of the primate fecal microbiota and the antibiotic-resistant genes that it collectively harbors (the “resistome”). Using a culture-independent metagenomic approach, we identified functional antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of wild and captive baboon groups and saw marked variation in microbiota architecture and resistomes across habitats and lifeways. Our results support the view that antibiotic resistance is an ancient feature of gut microbial communities and that sharing habitats with humans may have important effects on the structure and function of the primate microbiota. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic exposure results in acute and persistent shifts in the composition and function of microbial communities associated with vertebrate hosts. However, little is known about the state of these communities in the era before the widespread introduction of antibiotics into clinical and agricultural practice. We characterized the fecal microbiota and antibiotic resistomes of wild and captive baboon populations to understand the effect of human exposure and to understand how the primate microbiota may have been altered during the antibiotic era. We used culture-independent and bioinformatics methods to identify functional resistance genes in the guts of wild and captive baboons and show that exposure to humans is associated with changes in microbiota composition and resistome expansion compared to wild baboon groups. Our results suggest that captivity and lifestyle changes associated with human contact can lead to marked changes in the ecology of primate gut communities.Pablo TsukayamaManish BoolchandaniSanket PatelErica C. PehrssonMolly K. GibsonKenneth L. ChiouClifford J. JollyJeffrey RogersJane E. Phillips-ConroyGautam DantasAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleantibioticsantimicrobial resistancebaboonmetagenomicsmicrobial ecologymicrobiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 3, Iss 3 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antibiotics antimicrobial resistance baboon metagenomics microbial ecology microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	antibiotics antimicrobial resistance baboon metagenomics microbial ecology microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 Pablo Tsukayama Manish Boolchandani Sanket Patel Erica C. Pehrsson Molly K. Gibson Kenneth L. Chiou Clifford J. Jolly Jeffrey Rogers Jane E. Phillips-Conroy Gautam Dantas Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes
description	ABSTRACT Environmental microbes have harbored the capacity for antibiotic production for millions of years, spanning the evolution of humans and other vertebrates. However, the industrial-scale use of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural practice over the past century has led to a substantial increase in exposure of these agents to human and environmental microbiota. This perturbation is predicted to alter the ecology of microbial communities and to promote the evolution and transfer of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. We studied wild and captive baboon populations to understand the effects of exposure to humans and human activities (e.g., antibiotic therapy) on the composition of the primate fecal microbiota and the antibiotic-resistant genes that it collectively harbors (the “resistome”). Using a culture-independent metagenomic approach, we identified functional antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of wild and captive baboon groups and saw marked variation in microbiota architecture and resistomes across habitats and lifeways. Our results support the view that antibiotic resistance is an ancient feature of gut microbial communities and that sharing habitats with humans may have important effects on the structure and function of the primate microbiota. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic exposure results in acute and persistent shifts in the composition and function of microbial communities associated with vertebrate hosts. However, little is known about the state of these communities in the era before the widespread introduction of antibiotics into clinical and agricultural practice. We characterized the fecal microbiota and antibiotic resistomes of wild and captive baboon populations to understand the effect of human exposure and to understand how the primate microbiota may have been altered during the antibiotic era. We used culture-independent and bioinformatics methods to identify functional resistance genes in the guts of wild and captive baboons and show that exposure to humans is associated with changes in microbiota composition and resistome expansion compared to wild baboon groups. Our results suggest that captivity and lifestyle changes associated with human contact can lead to marked changes in the ecology of primate gut communities.
format	article
author	Pablo Tsukayama Manish Boolchandani Sanket Patel Erica C. Pehrsson Molly K. Gibson Kenneth L. Chiou Clifford J. Jolly Jeffrey Rogers Jane E. Phillips-Conroy Gautam Dantas
author_facet	Pablo Tsukayama Manish Boolchandani Sanket Patel Erica C. Pehrsson Molly K. Gibson Kenneth L. Chiou Clifford J. Jolly Jeffrey Rogers Jane E. Phillips-Conroy Gautam Dantas
author_sort	Pablo Tsukayama
title	Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes
title_short	Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes
title_full	Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes
title_fullStr	Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes
title_sort	characterization of wild and captive baboon gut microbiota and their antibiotic resistomes
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/346f1c8b27664300ac546deffba0b4bd
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Characterization of Wild and Captive Baboon Gut Microbiota and Their Antibiotic Resistomes

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