CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy

Wenqiang Chen,1 Mingxia Jiang,1 Wenjing Yu,1 Zhiwei Xu,1 Xinyue Liu,1 Qingmiao Jia,1 Xiuwen Guan,1– 3 Weifen Zhang1– 3 1College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical Univ...

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Main Authors:	Chen W, Jiang M, Yu W, Xu Z, Liu X, Jia Q, Guan X, Zhang W
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Subjects:	cancer immunotherapy nanovaccine nanoparticle adjuvant cpg Medicine (General) R5-920
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/347926a805d042829941f9b4fa3a92a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:347926a805d042829941f9b4fa3a92a92021-12-02T16:39:48ZCpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/347926a805d042829941f9b4fa3a92a92021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/cpg-based-nanovaccines-for-cancer-immunotherapy-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Wenqiang Chen,1 Mingxia Jiang,1 Wenjing Yu,1 Zhiwei Xu,1 Xinyue Liu,1 Qingmiao Jia,1 Xiuwen Guan,1– 3 Weifen Zhang1– 3 1College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiuwen Guan; Weifen Zhang Tel +86-536-8462490Email gxw2603@wfmc.edu.cn; zhangwf@wfmc.edu.cnAbstract: Cancer has been a serious health hazard to the people all over the world with its high incidence and horrible mortality. In recent years, tumor vaccines in immunotherapy have become a hotspot in cancer therapy due to their many practical advantages and good therapeutic potentials. Among the various vaccines, nanovaccine utilized nanoparticles (NPs) as the carrier and/or adjuvant has presented significant therapeutic effect in cancer treatment. For tumor nanovaccines, unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) is a commonly used adjuvant. It has been reported that CpG ODN was the most effective immune stimulant among the currently known adjuvants. It could be recognized by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) to activate humoral and cellular immunity for preventing or treating cancer. In this review, the topic of CpG-based nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy will be focused. The types and properties of different CpG will be introduced in detail first, and then some representative tumor nanovaccines will be reviewed according to the diverse loading modes of CpG, such as electrostatic adsorption, covalent bonding, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interaction, and DNA self-assembly, for summarizing the current progress of CpG-based tumor nanovaccines. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives will be discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide valuable references for the development of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy.Keywords: cancer immunotherapy, nanovaccine, nanoparticle, adjuvant, CpGChen WJiang MYu WXu ZLiu XJia QGuan XZhang WDove Medical Pressarticlecancer immunotherapynanovaccinenanoparticleadjuvantcpgMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 5281-5299 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cancer immunotherapy nanovaccine nanoparticle adjuvant cpg Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	cancer immunotherapy nanovaccine nanoparticle adjuvant cpg Medicine (General) R5-920 Chen W Jiang M Yu W Xu Z Liu X Jia Q Guan X Zhang W CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
description	Wenqiang Chen,1 Mingxia Jiang,1 Wenjing Yu,1 Zhiwei Xu,1 Xinyue Liu,1 Qingmiao Jia,1 Xiuwen Guan,1– 3 Weifen Zhang1– 3 1College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiuwen Guan; Weifen Zhang Tel +86-536-8462490Email gxw2603@wfmc.edu.cn; zhangwf@wfmc.edu.cnAbstract: Cancer has been a serious health hazard to the people all over the world with its high incidence and horrible mortality. In recent years, tumor vaccines in immunotherapy have become a hotspot in cancer therapy due to their many practical advantages and good therapeutic potentials. Among the various vaccines, nanovaccine utilized nanoparticles (NPs) as the carrier and/or adjuvant has presented significant therapeutic effect in cancer treatment. For tumor nanovaccines, unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) is a commonly used adjuvant. It has been reported that CpG ODN was the most effective immune stimulant among the currently known adjuvants. It could be recognized by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) to activate humoral and cellular immunity for preventing or treating cancer. In this review, the topic of CpG-based nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy will be focused. The types and properties of different CpG will be introduced in detail first, and then some representative tumor nanovaccines will be reviewed according to the diverse loading modes of CpG, such as electrostatic adsorption, covalent bonding, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interaction, and DNA self-assembly, for summarizing the current progress of CpG-based tumor nanovaccines. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives will be discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide valuable references for the development of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy.Keywords: cancer immunotherapy, nanovaccine, nanoparticle, adjuvant, CpG
format	article
author	Chen W Jiang M Yu W Xu Z Liu X Jia Q Guan X Zhang W
author_facet	Chen W Jiang M Yu W Xu Z Liu X Jia Q Guan X Zhang W
author_sort	Chen W
title	CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_short	CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_full	CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_fullStr	CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed	CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_sort	cpg-based nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/347926a805d042829941f9b4fa3a92a9
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CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy

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