Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.

<h4>Background</h4>Preservation of original organic components in fossils across geological time is controversial, but the potential such molecules have for elucidating evolutionary processes and phylogenetic relationships is invaluable. Chitin is one such molecule. Ancient chitin has be...

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Autores principales:	Patricia G Weaver, Larisa A Doguzhaeva, Daniel R Lawver, R Christopher Tacker, Charles N Ciampaglio, Jon M Crate, Wenxia Zheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34af8173323748aeb3aceb54b2cc81ce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34af8173323748aeb3aceb54b2cc81ce2021-11-18T07:33:34ZCharacterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0028195https://doaj.org/article/34af8173323748aeb3aceb54b2cc81ce2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22132239/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Preservation of original organic components in fossils across geological time is controversial, but the potential such molecules have for elucidating evolutionary processes and phylogenetic relationships is invaluable. Chitin is one such molecule. Ancient chitin has been recovered from both terrestrial and marine arthropods, but prior to this study had not been recovered from fossil marine mollusks.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Organics consistent with β-chitin are recovered in cuttlebones of Mississaepia mississippiensis from the Late Eocene (34.36 million years ago) marine clays of Hinds County, Mississippi, USA. These organics were determined and characterized through comparisons with extant taxa using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (Hyperprobe), Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our study presents the first evidence for organics consistent with chitin from an ancient marine mollusk and discusses how these organics have been degraded over time. As mechanisms for their preservation, we propose that the inorganic/organic lamination of the cuttlebone, combined with a suboxic depositional environment with available free Fe(2+) ions, inhibited microbial or enzymatic degradation.Patricia G WeaverLarisa A DoguzhaevaDaniel R LawverR Christopher TackerCharles N CiampaglioJon M CrateWenxia ZhengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e28195 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Patricia G Weaver Larisa A Doguzhaeva Daniel R Lawver R Christopher Tacker Charles N Ciampaglio Jon M Crate Wenxia Zheng Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Preservation of original organic components in fossils across geological time is controversial, but the potential such molecules have for elucidating evolutionary processes and phylogenetic relationships is invaluable. Chitin is one such molecule. Ancient chitin has been recovered from both terrestrial and marine arthropods, but prior to this study had not been recovered from fossil marine mollusks.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Organics consistent with β-chitin are recovered in cuttlebones of Mississaepia mississippiensis from the Late Eocene (34.36 million years ago) marine clays of Hinds County, Mississippi, USA. These organics were determined and characterized through comparisons with extant taxa using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (Hyperprobe), Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our study presents the first evidence for organics consistent with chitin from an ancient marine mollusk and discusses how these organics have been degraded over time. As mechanisms for their preservation, we propose that the inorganic/organic lamination of the cuttlebone, combined with a suboxic depositional environment with available free Fe(2+) ions, inhibited microbial or enzymatic degradation.
format	article
author	Patricia G Weaver Larisa A Doguzhaeva Daniel R Lawver R Christopher Tacker Charles N Ciampaglio Jon M Crate Wenxia Zheng
author_facet	Patricia G Weaver Larisa A Doguzhaeva Daniel R Lawver R Christopher Tacker Charles N Ciampaglio Jon M Crate Wenxia Zheng
author_sort	Patricia G Weaver
title	Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.
title_short	Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.
title_full	Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.
title_fullStr	Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.
title_sort	characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the late eocene cuttlefish mississaepia mississippiensis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/34af8173323748aeb3aceb54b2cc81ce
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Characterization of organics consistent with β-chitin preserved in the Late Eocene cuttlefish Mississaepia mississippiensis.

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