Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Nicaragua is highly endemic for hepatitis A. We aimed to provide an estimate of the change in the age-specific risk of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection based on serological data from cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected in León, Nicaragua,...

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Autores principales:	Orlando Mayorga Perez, Martin W G Brinkhof, Matthias Egger, Gert Frösner, Christian Herzog, Marcel Zwahlen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34c33384469545e7a3e1c5d9300863e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34c33384469545e7a3e1c5d9300863e12021-11-18T08:33:02ZDecreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0087643https://doaj.org/article/34c33384469545e7a3e1c5d9300863e12014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24523871/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Nicaragua is highly endemic for hepatitis A. We aimed to provide an estimate of the change in the age-specific risk of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection based on serological data from cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected in León, Nicaragua, in 1995/96 (n = 979) and 2003 (n = 494).<h4>Methods</h4>The observed age-specific prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies was correlated to the age-specific risk of infection by calculating the probability of freedom from infection at a specific age.<h4>Results</h4>The proportion of seropositive children aged 1.5 to 6 years was 42% in 2003 compared to 67% in 1995/96. Estimated annual risk of infection for a 3-year old child was 30% (95% CI: 27.0%, 33.1%) in 1995 and 15.5% (95% CI: 12.4%, 19.0%) in 2003. There was good agreement between estimates based on cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The age-specific geometric mean of the quantified anti-HAV antibody levels assessed in 2003 was highest at age 4 and decreased steadily up to age 40.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The substantially lower risk of HAV infection in 2003 than in 1995 for young children indicates a beginning transition from high to intermediate endemicity in León, Nicaragua. Consecutive age-stratified serosurveys are useful to assess changes in risk of infection following public health interventions. The decreasing age-specific GMC of anti-HAV antibodies during adulthood in a country with endemic HAV indirectly suggests that ongoing HAV exposure in the community has marginal boosting effect on antibody levels once protective immunity has been established by natural infection.Orlando Mayorga PerezMartin W G BrinkhofMatthias EggerGert FrösnerChristian HerzogMarcel ZwahlenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e87643 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Orlando Mayorga Perez Martin W G Brinkhof Matthias Egger Gert Frösner Christian Herzog Marcel Zwahlen Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
description	<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Nicaragua is highly endemic for hepatitis A. We aimed to provide an estimate of the change in the age-specific risk of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection based on serological data from cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected in León, Nicaragua, in 1995/96 (n = 979) and 2003 (n = 494).<h4>Methods</h4>The observed age-specific prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies was correlated to the age-specific risk of infection by calculating the probability of freedom from infection at a specific age.<h4>Results</h4>The proportion of seropositive children aged 1.5 to 6 years was 42% in 2003 compared to 67% in 1995/96. Estimated annual risk of infection for a 3-year old child was 30% (95% CI: 27.0%, 33.1%) in 1995 and 15.5% (95% CI: 12.4%, 19.0%) in 2003. There was good agreement between estimates based on cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The age-specific geometric mean of the quantified anti-HAV antibody levels assessed in 2003 was highest at age 4 and decreased steadily up to age 40.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The substantially lower risk of HAV infection in 2003 than in 1995 for young children indicates a beginning transition from high to intermediate endemicity in León, Nicaragua. Consecutive age-stratified serosurveys are useful to assess changes in risk of infection following public health interventions. The decreasing age-specific GMC of anti-HAV antibodies during adulthood in a country with endemic HAV indirectly suggests that ongoing HAV exposure in the community has marginal boosting effect on antibody levels once protective immunity has been established by natural infection.
format	article
author	Orlando Mayorga Perez Martin W G Brinkhof Matthias Egger Gert Frösner Christian Herzog Marcel Zwahlen
author_facet	Orlando Mayorga Perez Martin W G Brinkhof Matthias Egger Gert Frösner Christian Herzog Marcel Zwahlen
author_sort	Orlando Mayorga Perez
title	Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
title_short	Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
title_full	Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
title_fullStr	Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
title_full_unstemmed	Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
title_sort	decreasing risk of hepatitis a infection in león, nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/34c33384469545e7a3e1c5d9300863e1
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Decreasing risk of hepatitis A infection in León, Nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies.

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