The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea

Global environmental changes may have a profound impact on ecosystems. In this context, it is crucial to gather biological and ecological information of the main species in marine communities to predict and mitigate potential effects of shifts in their distribution, abundance, and interactions. Usin...

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Autores principales:	Carlos Carreras, Víctor Ordóñez, Àlex García-Cisneros, Owen S. Wangensteen, Creu Palacín, Marta Pascual, Xavier Turon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	benthic communities engineer species genotyping by sequencing (GBS) population genomics sea urchin outlier analysis Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34c7133ee05d4f22b1048a1a8caaa663
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34c7133ee05d4f22b1048a1a8caaa6632021-11-10T06:01:34ZThe Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.739008https://doaj.org/article/34c7133ee05d4f22b1048a1a8caaa6632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.739008/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Global environmental changes may have a profound impact on ecosystems. In this context, it is crucial to gather biological and ecological information of the main species in marine communities to predict and mitigate potential effects of shifts in their distribution, abundance, and interactions. Using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), we assessed the genetic structure of a keystone species in the Mediterranean shallow littoral ecosystems, the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula. This bioengineer species can shape their communities due to its grazing activity and it is experiencing an ongoing expansion with increasing temperatures. The population genomic analyses on 5,241 loci sequenced in 240 individuals from 11 Mediterranean sampled populations revealed that all populations were diverse and showed significant departure from equilibrium. Albeit genetic differentiation was in general shallow, a significant break separated the western and eastern Mediterranean populations, a break not detected in previous studies with less resolutive markers. Notably, no clear effect of the Almería-Oran front, an important break in the Atlanto-Mediterranean transition, could be detected among the western basin populations, where only a slight differentiation of the two northernmost populations was found. Despite the generally low levels of genetic differentiation found, we identified candidate regions for local adaptation by combining different genomic analysis with environmental data. Salinity, rather than temperature, seemed to be an important driver of genetic structure in A. lixula. Overall, from a population genomics standpoint, there is ample scope for A. lixula to continue thriving and adapting in the warming Mediterranean.Carlos CarrerasVíctor OrdóñezÀlex García-CisnerosOwen S. WangensteenCreu PalacínMarta PascualXavier TuronFrontiers Media S.A.articlebenthic communitiesengineer speciesgenotyping by sequencing (GBS)population genomicssea urchinoutlier analysisScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	benthic communities engineer species genotyping by sequencing (GBS) population genomics sea urchin outlier analysis Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	benthic communities engineer species genotyping by sequencing (GBS) population genomics sea urchin outlier analysis Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Carlos Carreras Víctor Ordóñez Àlex García-Cisneros Owen S. Wangensteen Creu Palacín Marta Pascual Xavier Turon The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea
description	Global environmental changes may have a profound impact on ecosystems. In this context, it is crucial to gather biological and ecological information of the main species in marine communities to predict and mitigate potential effects of shifts in their distribution, abundance, and interactions. Using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), we assessed the genetic structure of a keystone species in the Mediterranean shallow littoral ecosystems, the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula. This bioengineer species can shape their communities due to its grazing activity and it is experiencing an ongoing expansion with increasing temperatures. The population genomic analyses on 5,241 loci sequenced in 240 individuals from 11 Mediterranean sampled populations revealed that all populations were diverse and showed significant departure from equilibrium. Albeit genetic differentiation was in general shallow, a significant break separated the western and eastern Mediterranean populations, a break not detected in previous studies with less resolutive markers. Notably, no clear effect of the Almería-Oran front, an important break in the Atlanto-Mediterranean transition, could be detected among the western basin populations, where only a slight differentiation of the two northernmost populations was found. Despite the generally low levels of genetic differentiation found, we identified candidate regions for local adaptation by combining different genomic analysis with environmental data. Salinity, rather than temperature, seemed to be an important driver of genetic structure in A. lixula. Overall, from a population genomics standpoint, there is ample scope for A. lixula to continue thriving and adapting in the warming Mediterranean.
format	article
author	Carlos Carreras Víctor Ordóñez Àlex García-Cisneros Owen S. Wangensteen Creu Palacín Marta Pascual Xavier Turon
author_facet	Carlos Carreras Víctor Ordóñez Àlex García-Cisneros Owen S. Wangensteen Creu Palacín Marta Pascual Xavier Turon
author_sort	Carlos Carreras
title	The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea
title_short	The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea
title_full	The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea
title_fullStr	The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea
title_full_unstemmed	The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea
title_sort	two sides of the mediterranean: population genomics of the black sea urchin arbacia lixula (linnaeus, 1758) in a warming sea
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/34c7133ee05d4f22b1048a1a8caaa663
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The Two Sides of the Mediterranean: Population Genomics of the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Warming Sea

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