Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive manipulation of brain activity during active task performance. Because every TMS pulse is accompanied by non-neural effects such as a clicking sound and somato-sensation on the head, control conditions are required to ensure that changes in...

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Autores principales:	Felix Duecker, Alexander T Sack
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34d70ba0c79f4f7aa05ae70bd42f3fca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34d70ba0c79f4f7aa05ae70bd42f3fca2021-11-18T07:55:06ZPre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0057765https://doaj.org/article/34d70ba0c79f4f7aa05ae70bd42f3fca2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23469232/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive manipulation of brain activity during active task performance. Because every TMS pulse is accompanied by non-neural effects such as a clicking sound and somato-sensation on the head, control conditions are required to ensure that changes in task behavior are indeed due to the induced neural effects. However, the non-neural effects of TMS in the context of a given task performance are largely unknown and, consequently, it is unclear what constitutes a valid control condition. We explored the non-neural effects of TMS on visual target detection. Participants received single pulse sham TMS to each hemisphere at different time points prior to target appearance during a visual target detection task. It was hypothesized that the clicking sound of a sham TMS pulse differentially affects performance depending on the location of the coil and the timing of the pulse.Our results show that, first, sham TMS caused a facilitation of reaction times when preceding the target stimulus by 150, 200, and 250 ms, whereas earlier and later time windows were not effective. Second, positioning the TMS coil ipsilateral instead of contralateral relative to the target stimulus improved reaction times. Third, infrequent noTMS trials that were interleaved with sham TMS trials had oddball-like properties resulting in increased reaction times during noTMS. The clicking sound produced by sham TMS influences task performance in multiple ways. These non-neural effects of TMS need to be controlled for in TMS research and the present findings provide an empirical basis for deciding what constitutes a valid control condition.Felix DueckerAlexander T SackPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e57765 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Felix Duecker Alexander T Sack Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.
description	Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive manipulation of brain activity during active task performance. Because every TMS pulse is accompanied by non-neural effects such as a clicking sound and somato-sensation on the head, control conditions are required to ensure that changes in task behavior are indeed due to the induced neural effects. However, the non-neural effects of TMS in the context of a given task performance are largely unknown and, consequently, it is unclear what constitutes a valid control condition. We explored the non-neural effects of TMS on visual target detection. Participants received single pulse sham TMS to each hemisphere at different time points prior to target appearance during a visual target detection task. It was hypothesized that the clicking sound of a sham TMS pulse differentially affects performance depending on the location of the coil and the timing of the pulse.Our results show that, first, sham TMS caused a facilitation of reaction times when preceding the target stimulus by 150, 200, and 250 ms, whereas earlier and later time windows were not effective. Second, positioning the TMS coil ipsilateral instead of contralateral relative to the target stimulus improved reaction times. Third, infrequent noTMS trials that were interleaved with sham TMS trials had oddball-like properties resulting in increased reaction times during noTMS. The clicking sound produced by sham TMS influences task performance in multiple ways. These non-neural effects of TMS need to be controlled for in TMS research and the present findings provide an empirical basis for deciding what constitutes a valid control condition.
format	article
author	Felix Duecker Alexander T Sack
author_facet	Felix Duecker Alexander T Sack
author_sort	Felix Duecker
title	Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.
title_short	Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.
title_full	Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.
title_fullStr	Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.
title_full_unstemmed	Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.
title_sort	pre-stimulus sham tms facilitates target detection.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/34d70ba0c79f4f7aa05ae70bd42f3fca
work_keys_str_mv	AT felixduecker prestimulusshamtmsfacilitatestargetdetection AT alexandertsack prestimulusshamtmsfacilitatestargetdetection
_version_	1718422720564166656

Pre-stimulus sham TMS facilitates target detection.

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