Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal

Abstract An alerting sound elicits the Acoustic Startle Response (ASR) that is dependent on the sound volume and organisms’ state, which is regulated by neuromodulatory centers. The locus coeruleus (LC) neurons respond to salient stimuli and noradrenaline release affects sensory processing, includin...

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Autores principales:	Mingyu Yang, Nikos K. Logothetis, Oxana Eschenko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/34ecf7bea15e47beaa2971621b8e28fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:34ecf7bea15e47beaa2971621b8e28fe2021-12-02T15:23:02ZPhasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal10.1038/s41598-020-80703-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/34ecf7bea15e47beaa2971621b8e28fe2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80703-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract An alerting sound elicits the Acoustic Startle Response (ASR) that is dependent on the sound volume and organisms’ state, which is regulated by neuromodulatory centers. The locus coeruleus (LC) neurons respond to salient stimuli and noradrenaline release affects sensory processing, including auditory. The LC hyperactivity is detrimental for sensorimotor gating. We report here that priming microstimulation of the LC (100-ms at 20, 50, and 100 Hz) attenuated the ASR in rats. The ASR reduction scaled with frequency and 100 Hz-stimulation mimicked pre-exposure to a non-startling tone (prepulse). A rapid (~ 40 ms) EEG desynchronization following the LC stimulation suggested that the ASR reduction was due to elevated cortical arousal. The effects of LC stimulation on the ASR and EEG were consistent with systematic relationships between the ASR, awake/sleep state, and the cortical arousal level; for that matter, a lower ASR amplitude corresponded to a higher arousal level. Thus, the LC appears to modulate the ASR circuit via its diffuse ascending projections to the forebrain saliency network. The LC modulation directly in the brainstem and/or spinal cord may also play a role. Our findings suggest the LC as a part of the brain circuitry regulating the ASR, while underlying neurophysiological mechanisms require further investigation.Mingyu YangNikos K. LogothetisOxana EschenkoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mingyu Yang Nikos K. Logothetis Oxana Eschenko Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
description	Abstract An alerting sound elicits the Acoustic Startle Response (ASR) that is dependent on the sound volume and organisms’ state, which is regulated by neuromodulatory centers. The locus coeruleus (LC) neurons respond to salient stimuli and noradrenaline release affects sensory processing, including auditory. The LC hyperactivity is detrimental for sensorimotor gating. We report here that priming microstimulation of the LC (100-ms at 20, 50, and 100 Hz) attenuated the ASR in rats. The ASR reduction scaled with frequency and 100 Hz-stimulation mimicked pre-exposure to a non-startling tone (prepulse). A rapid (~ 40 ms) EEG desynchronization following the LC stimulation suggested that the ASR reduction was due to elevated cortical arousal. The effects of LC stimulation on the ASR and EEG were consistent with systematic relationships between the ASR, awake/sleep state, and the cortical arousal level; for that matter, a lower ASR amplitude corresponded to a higher arousal level. Thus, the LC appears to modulate the ASR circuit via its diffuse ascending projections to the forebrain saliency network. The LC modulation directly in the brainstem and/or spinal cord may also play a role. Our findings suggest the LC as a part of the brain circuitry regulating the ASR, while underlying neurophysiological mechanisms require further investigation.
format	article
author	Mingyu Yang Nikos K. Logothetis Oxana Eschenko
author_facet	Mingyu Yang Nikos K. Logothetis Oxana Eschenko
author_sort	Mingyu Yang
title	Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
title_short	Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
title_full	Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
title_fullStr	Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
title_full_unstemmed	Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
title_sort	phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/34ecf7bea15e47beaa2971621b8e28fe
work_keys_str_mv	AT mingyuyang phasicactivationofthelocuscoeruleusattenuatestheacousticstartleresponsebyincreasingcorticalarousal AT nikosklogothetis phasicactivationofthelocuscoeruleusattenuatestheacousticstartleresponsebyincreasingcorticalarousal AT oxanaeschenko phasicactivationofthelocuscoeruleusattenuatestheacousticstartleresponsebyincreasingcorticalarousal
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Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal

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