A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management

Nisa Safitri,1 Maya Fadila Alaina,1 Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka,1,2 Rizky Abdulah1,2 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjad...

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Autores principales:	Safitri N, Alaina MF, Pitaloka DAE, Abdulah R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	statin hypercholesterolemia adverse effect rhabdomyolysis risk factor Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/350af02f4aaa40fcb81aa10bc55ef00b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:350af02f4aaa40fcb81aa10bc55ef00b2021-11-09T18:40:34ZA Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management1179-1365https://doaj.org/article/350af02f4aaa40fcb81aa10bc55ef00b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/a-narrative-review-of-statin-induced-rhabdomyolysis-molecular-mechanis-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DHPShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365Nisa Safitri,1 Maya Fadila Alaina,1 Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka,1,2 Rizky Abdulah1,2 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka Tel +62 22-84288812Email dian.pitaloka@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Although statins are effective for treating hypercholesterolemia, they can have various side effects, including rhabdomyolysis, a potentially fatal condition. This review evaluated the incidence and underlying molecular mechanism of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis and analyzed its risk factors, prevention, and management. We focused on the clinical and randomized clinical trials of statin monotherapies and combinations with other drugs. The primary mechanism of statin therapy-induced rhabdomyolysis is believed to be a decrease in ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) produced by the HMG-CoA pathway. Additionally, different types of lipophilic and hydrophilic statins play a role in causing rhabdomyolysis. Although statin-induced rhabdomyolysis has a low incidence, there is no guarantee that patients will be free of this side effect. Rhabdomyolysis can be prevented by reducing the risk factors, such as using CYP3A4 inhibitors, using high-dose statins, and strenuous physical activities.Keywords: statin, hypercholesterolemia, adverse effect, rhabdomyolysis, risk factorSafitri NAlaina MFPitaloka DAEAbdulah RDove Medical Pressarticlestatinhypercholesterolemiaadverse effectrhabdomyolysisrisk factorMedicine (General)R5-920ENDrug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, Vol Volume 13, Pp 211-219 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	statin hypercholesterolemia adverse effect rhabdomyolysis risk factor Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	statin hypercholesterolemia adverse effect rhabdomyolysis risk factor Medicine (General) R5-920 Safitri N Alaina MF Pitaloka DAE Abdulah R A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management
description	Nisa Safitri,1 Maya Fadila Alaina,1 Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka,1,2 Rizky Abdulah1,2 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka Tel +62 22-84288812Email dian.pitaloka@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Although statins are effective for treating hypercholesterolemia, they can have various side effects, including rhabdomyolysis, a potentially fatal condition. This review evaluated the incidence and underlying molecular mechanism of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis and analyzed its risk factors, prevention, and management. We focused on the clinical and randomized clinical trials of statin monotherapies and combinations with other drugs. The primary mechanism of statin therapy-induced rhabdomyolysis is believed to be a decrease in ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) produced by the HMG-CoA pathway. Additionally, different types of lipophilic and hydrophilic statins play a role in causing rhabdomyolysis. Although statin-induced rhabdomyolysis has a low incidence, there is no guarantee that patients will be free of this side effect. Rhabdomyolysis can be prevented by reducing the risk factors, such as using CYP3A4 inhibitors, using high-dose statins, and strenuous physical activities.Keywords: statin, hypercholesterolemia, adverse effect, rhabdomyolysis, risk factor
format	article
author	Safitri N Alaina MF Pitaloka DAE Abdulah R
author_facet	Safitri N Alaina MF Pitaloka DAE Abdulah R
author_sort	Safitri N
title	A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management
title_short	A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management
title_full	A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management
title_fullStr	A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management
title_full_unstemmed	A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management
title_sort	narrative review of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis: molecular mechanism, risk factors, and management
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/350af02f4aaa40fcb81aa10bc55ef00b
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A Narrative Review of Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors, and Management

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