Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection

Avian coccidiosis is the first to most economically important parasite disease affecting poultry industries worldwide. Current prevention measures are largely based upon prophylactic chemotherapy supplemented by the application of live attenuated or wild-type parasite vaccines. However, the rising a...

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Autores principales:	Marco A. Juárez-Estrada, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Félix D. Sánchez-Godoy, Rogelio A. Alonso-Morales
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	immunoglobulin Y coccidiosis apicomplexa chickens passive immunity prepatency Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3525c0c4db144a599891f7b5769d6eee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3525c0c4db144a599891f7b5769d6eee2021-11-11T09:07:01ZImmunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.758379https://doaj.org/article/3525c0c4db144a599891f7b5769d6eee2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.758379/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Avian coccidiosis is the first to most economically important parasite disease affecting poultry industries worldwide. Current prevention measures are largely based upon prophylactic chemotherapy supplemented by the application of live attenuated or wild-type parasite vaccines. However, the rising appearance of drug resistance, consumer's concern for antibiotics use in poultry production and higher manufacturing cost of live vaccines has driven to adopt new technologies aimed at increasing animal health and production efficiency. Supplementing chickens with egg yolk Eimeria sp.-specific immunoglobulins can be a viable alternative to avoid severe outbreaks of the disease. Twelve-week-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were experimentally infected with a large dose of E. tenella. During the prepatent period, the birds were supplemented by oral gavage with 60 or 120 mg/bird of hyperimmune egg yolk Eimeria species-specific immunoglobulins Y (Supracox®, SC) on a daily basis. The animals were euthanized 7 days post-infection (PI) and their passive immune protection was evaluated. Birds treated with 120 mg/bird of SC showed more viability, increased body weight gain (BWG), a normal hematocrit level (HCT), reduced oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG) or cecal tissue (OPGC), and fewer cecal lesions compared to the untreated infected (UI) control group. Birds supplemented with 60 mg/bird of SC did not show any significant difference on BWG, HCT, OPG, OPGC, and cecal lesion score when compared with the UI group. An ELISA test of the SC showed a weak cross-reactivity of IgY toward two asexual zoite stages of E. tenella. Western blot analysis of the sporozoite with SC showed few antigens barely recognized, while more stained bands were detected in the merozoite (≈82, ≈60, ≈54, ≈40, ≈38, ≈27.5, and ≈13 kDa). Oral immunotherapy using egg yolk polyclonal IgYs against Eimeria sp. represents an effective and natural resource against severe E. tenella infection favoring the gradual withdrawal of the anticoccidial drugs and antibiotics.Marco A. Juárez-EstradaMarco A. Juárez-EstradaGuillermo Tellez-IsaiasFélix D. Sánchez-GodoyRogelio A. Alonso-MoralesFrontiers Media S.A.articleimmunoglobulin Ycoccidiosisapicomplexachickenspassive immunityprepatencyVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	immunoglobulin Y coccidiosis apicomplexa chickens passive immunity prepatency Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	immunoglobulin Y coccidiosis apicomplexa chickens passive immunity prepatency Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Félix D. Sánchez-Godoy Rogelio A. Alonso-Morales Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection
description	Avian coccidiosis is the first to most economically important parasite disease affecting poultry industries worldwide. Current prevention measures are largely based upon prophylactic chemotherapy supplemented by the application of live attenuated or wild-type parasite vaccines. However, the rising appearance of drug resistance, consumer's concern for antibiotics use in poultry production and higher manufacturing cost of live vaccines has driven to adopt new technologies aimed at increasing animal health and production efficiency. Supplementing chickens with egg yolk Eimeria sp.-specific immunoglobulins can be a viable alternative to avoid severe outbreaks of the disease. Twelve-week-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were experimentally infected with a large dose of E. tenella. During the prepatent period, the birds were supplemented by oral gavage with 60 or 120 mg/bird of hyperimmune egg yolk Eimeria species-specific immunoglobulins Y (Supracox®, SC) on a daily basis. The animals were euthanized 7 days post-infection (PI) and their passive immune protection was evaluated. Birds treated with 120 mg/bird of SC showed more viability, increased body weight gain (BWG), a normal hematocrit level (HCT), reduced oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG) or cecal tissue (OPGC), and fewer cecal lesions compared to the untreated infected (UI) control group. Birds supplemented with 60 mg/bird of SC did not show any significant difference on BWG, HCT, OPG, OPGC, and cecal lesion score when compared with the UI group. An ELISA test of the SC showed a weak cross-reactivity of IgY toward two asexual zoite stages of E. tenella. Western blot analysis of the sporozoite with SC showed few antigens barely recognized, while more stained bands were detected in the merozoite (≈82, ≈60, ≈54, ≈40, ≈38, ≈27.5, and ≈13 kDa). Oral immunotherapy using egg yolk polyclonal IgYs against Eimeria sp. represents an effective and natural resource against severe E. tenella infection favoring the gradual withdrawal of the anticoccidial drugs and antibiotics.
format	article
author	Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Félix D. Sánchez-Godoy Rogelio A. Alonso-Morales
author_facet	Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Félix D. Sánchez-Godoy Rogelio A. Alonso-Morales
author_sort	Marco A. Juárez-Estrada
title	Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection
title_short	Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection
title_full	Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection
title_fullStr	Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection
title_sort	immunotherapy with egg yolk eimeria sp.-specific immunoglobulins in spf leghorn chicks elicits successful protection against eimeria tenella infection
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3525c0c4db144a599891f7b5769d6eee
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Immunotherapy With Egg Yolk Eimeria sp.-Specific Immunoglobulins in SPF Leghorn Chicks Elicits Successful Protection Against Eimeria tenella Infection

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