Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope

This work aims to investigate the <sup>64</sup>Cu isotope applicability for positron annihilation experiments in in situ mode. We determined appropriate characteristics of this isotope for defect studies and implemented them under aggressive conditions (i.e., elevated temperature, hydrog...

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Autores principales:	Iurii Bordulev, Roman Laptev, Denis Kabanov, Ivan Ushakov, Viktor Kudiiarov, Andrey Lider
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	positron annihilation defects in situ neutron activation <sup>64</sup>Cu nuclear reactor Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3527c5e7c05141a7bdfc0ce4025f908a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3527c5e7c05141a7bdfc0ce4025f908a2021-11-11T18:11:46ZSource for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope10.3390/ma142166931996-1944https://doaj.org/article/3527c5e7c05141a7bdfc0ce4025f908a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6693https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944This work aims to investigate the <sup>64</sup>Cu isotope applicability for positron annihilation experiments in in situ mode. We determined appropriate characteristics of this isotope for defect studies and implemented them under aggressive conditions (i.e., elevated temperature, hydrogen environment) in situ to determine the sensitivity of this approach to thermal vacancies and hydrogen-induced defects investigation. Titanium samples were used as test materials. The source was obtained by the activation of copper foil in the thermal neutron flux of a research nuclear reactor. Main spectrometric characteristics (e.g., the total number of counts, fraction of good signals, peak-to-noise ratio) of this source, as well as line-shaped parameters of the Doppler broadening spectrum (DBS), were studied experimentally. These characteristics for <sup>64</sup>Cu (in contrast to positron sources with longer half-life) were shown to vary strongly with time, owing to the rapidly changing activity. These changes are predictable and should be considered in the analysis of experimental data to reveal information about the defect structure. The investigation of samples with a controlled density of defects revealed the suitability of <sup>64</sup>Cu positron source with an activity of 2–40 MBq for defects studies by DBS. However, greater isotope activity could also be applied. The results of testing this source at high temperatures and in hydrogen atmosphere showed its suitability to thermal vacancies and hydrogen-induced defects studies in situ. The greatest changes in the defect structure of titanium alloy during high-temperature hydrogen saturation occurred at the cooling stage, when the formation of hydrides began, and were associated with an increase in the dislocation density.Iurii BordulevRoman LaptevDenis KabanovIvan UshakovViktor KudiiarovAndrey LiderMDPI AGarticlepositron annihilationdefectsin situneutron activation<sup>64</sup>Cunuclear reactorTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6693, p 6693 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	positron annihilation defects in situ neutron activation <sup>64</sup>Cu nuclear reactor Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	positron annihilation defects in situ neutron activation <sup>64</sup>Cu nuclear reactor Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Iurii Bordulev Roman Laptev Denis Kabanov Ivan Ushakov Viktor Kudiiarov Andrey Lider Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope
description	This work aims to investigate the <sup>64</sup>Cu isotope applicability for positron annihilation experiments in in situ mode. We determined appropriate characteristics of this isotope for defect studies and implemented them under aggressive conditions (i.e., elevated temperature, hydrogen environment) in situ to determine the sensitivity of this approach to thermal vacancies and hydrogen-induced defects investigation. Titanium samples were used as test materials. The source was obtained by the activation of copper foil in the thermal neutron flux of a research nuclear reactor. Main spectrometric characteristics (e.g., the total number of counts, fraction of good signals, peak-to-noise ratio) of this source, as well as line-shaped parameters of the Doppler broadening spectrum (DBS), were studied experimentally. These characteristics for <sup>64</sup>Cu (in contrast to positron sources with longer half-life) were shown to vary strongly with time, owing to the rapidly changing activity. These changes are predictable and should be considered in the analysis of experimental data to reveal information about the defect structure. The investigation of samples with a controlled density of defects revealed the suitability of <sup>64</sup>Cu positron source with an activity of 2–40 MBq for defects studies by DBS. However, greater isotope activity could also be applied. The results of testing this source at high temperatures and in hydrogen atmosphere showed its suitability to thermal vacancies and hydrogen-induced defects studies in situ. The greatest changes in the defect structure of titanium alloy during high-temperature hydrogen saturation occurred at the cooling stage, when the formation of hydrides began, and were associated with an increase in the dislocation density.
format	article
author	Iurii Bordulev Roman Laptev Denis Kabanov Ivan Ushakov Viktor Kudiiarov Andrey Lider
author_facet	Iurii Bordulev Roman Laptev Denis Kabanov Ivan Ushakov Viktor Kudiiarov Andrey Lider
author_sort	Iurii Bordulev
title	Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope
title_short	Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope
title_full	Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope
title_fullStr	Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope
title_full_unstemmed	Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope
title_sort	source for in situ positron annihilation spectroscopy of thermal—and hydrogen-induced defects based on the cu-64 isotope
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3527c5e7c05141a7bdfc0ce4025f908a
work_keys_str_mv	AT iuriibordulev sourceforinsitupositronannihilationspectroscopyofthermalandhydrogeninduceddefectsbasedonthecu64isotope AT romanlaptev sourceforinsitupositronannihilationspectroscopyofthermalandhydrogeninduceddefectsbasedonthecu64isotope AT deniskabanov sourceforinsitupositronannihilationspectroscopyofthermalandhydrogeninduceddefectsbasedonthecu64isotope AT ivanushakov sourceforinsitupositronannihilationspectroscopyofthermalandhydrogeninduceddefectsbasedonthecu64isotope AT viktorkudiiarov sourceforinsitupositronannihilationspectroscopyofthermalandhydrogeninduceddefectsbasedonthecu64isotope AT andreylider sourceforinsitupositronannihilationspectroscopyofthermalandhydrogeninduceddefectsbasedonthecu64isotope
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Source for In Situ Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Thermal—And Hydrogen-Induced Defects Based on the Cu-64 Isotope

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