Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations

Abstract Knowledge of energy expenditure informs conservation managers for long term plans for endangered species health and habitat suitability. We measured field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-roaming giant pandas in large enclosures in a nature reserve using the doubly labeled water method. Giant p...

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Autores principales:	Wenlei Bi, Rong Hou, Jacob R. Owens, James R. Spotila, Marc Valitutto, Guan Yin, Frank V. Paladino, Fanqi Wu, Dunwu Qi, Zhihe Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/354a076169d4438f85e1857d5ace9109
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:354a076169d4438f85e1857d5ace91092021-11-21T12:18:53ZField metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations10.1038/s41598-021-01872-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/354a076169d4438f85e1857d5ace91092021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01872-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Knowledge of energy expenditure informs conservation managers for long term plans for endangered species health and habitat suitability. We measured field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-roaming giant pandas in large enclosures in a nature reserve using the doubly labeled water method. Giant pandas in zoo like enclosures had a similar FMR (14,182 kJ/day) to giant pandas in larger field enclosures (13,280 kJ/day). In winter, giant pandas raised their metabolic rates when living at − 2.4 °C (36,108 kJ/day) indicating that they were below their thermal neutral zone. The lower critical temperature for thermoregulation was about 8.0 °C and the upper critical temperature was about 28 °C. Giant panda FMRs were somewhat lower than active metabolic rates of sloth bears, lower than FMRs of grizzly bears and polar bears and 69 and 81% of predicted values based on a regression of FMR versus body mass of mammals. That is probably due to their lower levels of activity since other bears actively forage for food over a larger home range and pandas often sit in a patch of bamboo and eat bamboo for hours at a time. The low metabolic rates of giant pandas in summer, their inability to acquire fat stores to hibernate in winter, and their ability to raise their metabolic rate to thermoregulate in winter are energetic adaptations related to eating a diet composed almost exclusively of bamboo. Differences in FMR of giant pandas between our study and previous studies (one similar and one lower) appear to be due to differences in activity of the giant pandas in those studies.Wenlei BiRong HouJacob R. OwensJames R. SpotilaMarc ValituttoGuan YinFrank V. PaladinoFanqi WuDunwu QiZhihe ZhangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wenlei Bi Rong Hou Jacob R. Owens James R. Spotila Marc Valitutto Guan Yin Frank V. Paladino Fanqi Wu Dunwu Qi Zhihe Zhang Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
description	Abstract Knowledge of energy expenditure informs conservation managers for long term plans for endangered species health and habitat suitability. We measured field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-roaming giant pandas in large enclosures in a nature reserve using the doubly labeled water method. Giant pandas in zoo like enclosures had a similar FMR (14,182 kJ/day) to giant pandas in larger field enclosures (13,280 kJ/day). In winter, giant pandas raised their metabolic rates when living at − 2.4 °C (36,108 kJ/day) indicating that they were below their thermal neutral zone. The lower critical temperature for thermoregulation was about 8.0 °C and the upper critical temperature was about 28 °C. Giant panda FMRs were somewhat lower than active metabolic rates of sloth bears, lower than FMRs of grizzly bears and polar bears and 69 and 81% of predicted values based on a regression of FMR versus body mass of mammals. That is probably due to their lower levels of activity since other bears actively forage for food over a larger home range and pandas often sit in a patch of bamboo and eat bamboo for hours at a time. The low metabolic rates of giant pandas in summer, their inability to acquire fat stores to hibernate in winter, and their ability to raise their metabolic rate to thermoregulate in winter are energetic adaptations related to eating a diet composed almost exclusively of bamboo. Differences in FMR of giant pandas between our study and previous studies (one similar and one lower) appear to be due to differences in activity of the giant pandas in those studies.
format	article
author	Wenlei Bi Rong Hou Jacob R. Owens James R. Spotila Marc Valitutto Guan Yin Frank V. Paladino Fanqi Wu Dunwu Qi Zhihe Zhang
author_facet	Wenlei Bi Rong Hou Jacob R. Owens James R. Spotila Marc Valitutto Guan Yin Frank V. Paladino Fanqi Wu Dunwu Qi Zhihe Zhang
author_sort	Wenlei Bi
title	Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
title_short	Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
title_full	Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
title_fullStr	Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
title_full_unstemmed	Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
title_sort	field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/354a076169d4438f85e1857d5ace9109
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Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations

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