Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)

In the single-polyelectrolyte aqueous phase separation (APS) approach, membranes are prepared by precipitating a weak polyelectrolyte from a concentrated aqueous solution using a pH switch. This has proven to be a versatile and more sustainable method compared to conventional approaches as it signif...

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Autores principales:	Wouter M. Nielen, Joshua D. Willott, Wiebe M. de Vos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polyelectrolytes membranes sustainable responsive aqueous phase separation Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/354b8f3d68d7416ba04081d839183698
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:354b8f3d68d7416ba04081d8391836982021-11-25T18:19:41ZSolvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)10.3390/membranes111108352077-0375https://doaj.org/article/354b8f3d68d7416ba04081d8391836982021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/11/835https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375In the single-polyelectrolyte aqueous phase separation (APS) approach, membranes are prepared by precipitating a weak polyelectrolyte from a concentrated aqueous solution using a pH switch. This has proven to be a versatile and more sustainable method compared to conventional approaches as it significantly reduces the use of organic solvents. Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) is a polymer that has been extensively investigated for APS and has been the basis for both open and dense membranes with good performances. These membranes are chemically crosslinked and, in this work, we further investigated ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared with PSaMA for their stability in various organic solvents and under different pH conditions. It was shown that these membranes had stable performances in both isopropanol (IPA) and toluene, and a slightly reduced performance in N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP). However, PSaMA did not perform well as a selective layer in these solvents, indicating that the real opportunity would be to use the UF-type PSaMA membranes as solvent-stable support membranes. Additionally, the membranes proved to be stable in an acidic-to-neutral pH regime (pH 2–7); and, due to the pH-responsive nature of PSaMA, for the NF membranes, a pH-dependent retention of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> ions was observed and, for the UF membranes, a strong responsive behavior was observed, where the pH can be used to control the membrane permeability. However, long-term exposure to elevated pH conditions (pH 8–10) resulted in severe swelling of the NF membranes, resulting in defect formation, and compaction of the UF membranes. For the UF membranes, this compaction did prove to be reversible for some but not all of the membrane samples measured. These results showed that in aqueous systems, membranes prepared with PSaMA had interesting responsive behaviors but performed best at neutral and acidic pH values. Moreover, the membranes exhibited excellent stability in the organic solvents IPA and tolueneWouter M. NielenJoshua D. WillottWiebe M. de VosMDPI AGarticlepolyelectrolytesmembranessustainableresponsiveaqueous phase separationChemical technologyTP1-1185Chemical engineeringTP155-156ENMembranes, Vol 11, Iss 835, p 835 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polyelectrolytes membranes sustainable responsive aqueous phase separation Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	polyelectrolytes membranes sustainable responsive aqueous phase separation Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Wouter M. Nielen Joshua D. Willott Wiebe M. de Vos Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)
description	In the single-polyelectrolyte aqueous phase separation (APS) approach, membranes are prepared by precipitating a weak polyelectrolyte from a concentrated aqueous solution using a pH switch. This has proven to be a versatile and more sustainable method compared to conventional approaches as it significantly reduces the use of organic solvents. Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) is a polymer that has been extensively investigated for APS and has been the basis for both open and dense membranes with good performances. These membranes are chemically crosslinked and, in this work, we further investigated ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared with PSaMA for their stability in various organic solvents and under different pH conditions. It was shown that these membranes had stable performances in both isopropanol (IPA) and toluene, and a slightly reduced performance in N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP). However, PSaMA did not perform well as a selective layer in these solvents, indicating that the real opportunity would be to use the UF-type PSaMA membranes as solvent-stable support membranes. Additionally, the membranes proved to be stable in an acidic-to-neutral pH regime (pH 2–7); and, due to the pH-responsive nature of PSaMA, for the NF membranes, a pH-dependent retention of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> ions was observed and, for the UF membranes, a strong responsive behavior was observed, where the pH can be used to control the membrane permeability. However, long-term exposure to elevated pH conditions (pH 8–10) resulted in severe swelling of the NF membranes, resulting in defect formation, and compaction of the UF membranes. For the UF membranes, this compaction did prove to be reversible for some but not all of the membrane samples measured. These results showed that in aqueous systems, membranes prepared with PSaMA had interesting responsive behaviors but performed best at neutral and acidic pH values. Moreover, the membranes exhibited excellent stability in the organic solvents IPA and toluene
format	article
author	Wouter M. Nielen Joshua D. Willott Wiebe M. de Vos
author_facet	Wouter M. Nielen Joshua D. Willott Wiebe M. de Vos
author_sort	Wouter M. Nielen
title	Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)
title_short	Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)
title_full	Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)
title_fullStr	Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)
title_full_unstemmed	Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)
title_sort	solvent and ph stability of poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (psama) membranes prepared by aqueous phase separation (aps)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/354b8f3d68d7416ba04081d839183698
work_keys_str_mv	AT woutermnielen solventandphstabilityofpolystyrenealtmaleicacidpsamamembranespreparedbyaqueousphaseseparationaps AT joshuadwillott solventandphstabilityofpolystyrenealtmaleicacidpsamamembranespreparedbyaqueousphaseseparationaps AT wiebemdevos solventandphstabilityofpolystyrenealtmaleicacidpsamamembranespreparedbyaqueousphaseseparationaps
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Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)

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