Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria

Abstract This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spec...

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Autores principales:	Muyiwa Michael Orosun, Abayomi Daniel Adewuyi, Naheem Banji Salawu, Matthew Omoniyi Isinkaye, Olugbenga Rapheal Orosun, Adetola Sunday Oniku
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/356833df1189484792a5a027ed5a43de
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:356833df1189484792a5a027ed5a43de2021-12-02T13:58:10ZMonte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria10.1038/s41598-020-79141-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/356833df1189484792a5a027ed5a43de2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79141-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (< 1) which is the standard set by USEPA, whereas, the Hazard Index (HI) for the water samples within the station is greater than 1. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for soil samples ranged from level I to level V, while that of water samples ranged from level VI to Level VII based on Delphii method of classification. This shows that the main lifetime cancer risk occurs through the water exposure pathway. Similarly, according to the mean, P5% and P95% cumulative probability using the Monte Carlo simulation, the ILCR is above the acceptable range of 1.00E−6 and 1.00E−4. All the pollution indices reveal that the significant pollution at the park is more of anthropogenic than pedogenic and lithogenic. Therefore, the market is contributing immensely to environmental pollution which may lead to unforeseen danger to human health.Muyiwa Michael OrosunAbayomi Daniel AdewuyiNaheem Banji SalawuMatthew Omoniyi IsinkayeOlugbenga Rapheal OrosunAdetola Sunday OnikuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Muyiwa Michael Orosun Abayomi Daniel Adewuyi Naheem Banji Salawu Matthew Omoniyi Isinkaye Olugbenga Rapheal Orosun Adetola Sunday Oniku Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria
description	Abstract This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (< 1) which is the standard set by USEPA, whereas, the Hazard Index (HI) for the water samples within the station is greater than 1. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for soil samples ranged from level I to level V, while that of water samples ranged from level VI to Level VII based on Delphii method of classification. This shows that the main lifetime cancer risk occurs through the water exposure pathway. Similarly, according to the mean, P5% and P95% cumulative probability using the Monte Carlo simulation, the ILCR is above the acceptable range of 1.00E−6 and 1.00E−4. All the pollution indices reveal that the significant pollution at the park is more of anthropogenic than pedogenic and lithogenic. Therefore, the market is contributing immensely to environmental pollution which may lead to unforeseen danger to human health.
format	article
author	Muyiwa Michael Orosun Abayomi Daniel Adewuyi Naheem Banji Salawu Matthew Omoniyi Isinkaye Olugbenga Rapheal Orosun Adetola Sunday Oniku
author_facet	Muyiwa Michael Orosun Abayomi Daniel Adewuyi Naheem Banji Salawu Matthew Omoniyi Isinkaye Olugbenga Rapheal Orosun Adetola Sunday Oniku
author_sort	Muyiwa Michael Orosun
title	Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria
title_short	Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria
title_full	Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria
title_fullStr	Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed	Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria
title_sort	monte carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in ilorin, nigeria
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/356833df1189484792a5a027ed5a43de
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Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria

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